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Diurnal cortisol rhythms in youth from risky families: Effects of cumulative risk exposure and variation in the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region gene

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 June 2014

Cynthia J. Willner ,
Pamela A. Morris ,
Dana Charles McCoy  and
Emma K. Adam
Cynthia J. Willner*
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Pamela A. Morris
Affiliation:
New York University
Dana Charles McCoy
Affiliation:
Harvard University
Emma K. Adam
Affiliation:
Northwestern University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Cynthia J. Willner, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, 315-A Health and Human Development East Building, University Park, PA 16802; E-mail: cwillner@psu.edu.
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Abstract

Building on research on cumulative risk and psychopathology, this study examines how cumulative risk exposure is associated with altered diurnal cortisol rhythms in an ethnically diverse, low-income sample of youth. In addition, consistent with a diathesis-stress perspective, this study explores whether the effect of environmental risk is moderated by allelic variation in the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) gene. Results show that youth with greater cumulative risk exposure had flatter diurnal cortisol slopes, regardless of 5-HTTLPR genotype. However, the association of cumulative risk with average cortisol output (area under the curve [AUC]) was moderated by the 5-HTTLPR genotype. Among youth homozygous for the long allele, greater cumulative risk exposure was associated with lower cortisol AUC, driven by significant reductions in cortisol levels at waking. In contrast, there was a trend-level association between greater cumulative risk and higher cortisol AUC among youth carrying the short allele, driven by a trend-level increase in bedtime cortisol levels. Findings are discussed with regard to the relevance of dysregulated diurnal cortisol rhythms for the development of psychopathology and the implications of genetically mediated differences in psychophysiological adaptations to stress.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 26 , Issue 4pt1 , November 2014 , pp. 999 - 1019
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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