Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-17T19:38:55.542Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Drugs, Consumption, and Supply in Asia: The Case of Cocaine in Colonial India, c. 1900–c. 1930

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2007

Get access

Abstract

This article examines the market for cocaine in India during the early twentieth century and the efforts of the colonial state to control it. The British authorities issued regulations to prohibit the drug's use as early as 1900, and yet by the start of World War I, cocaine's appeal had become socially diverse and geographically wide. This account of a significant market for a powerful new drug suggests that Indian society was able to rapidly develop a demand for such products even when the colonial state had no part in their introduction. Indians used these new products in complex ways—as medicines, as tonics, and as intoxicants, albeit through the localized medium of the everyday paan leaf. The study points to a reconsideration of a number of debates about the history of drugs and modern medicines in Asia.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Arnold, David. 1993. Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Berridge, Virginia. 1999. Opium and the People: Opiate Use and Drug Control in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century England. London: Free Association Books.Google Scholar
Booth, Martin. 1999. Opium: A History. New York: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Bose, Chunilal. 1913. “Cocaine Poisoning.” British Medical Journal 1: 1617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bose, Sugata, and Jalal, Ayesha. 1998. Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Brook, Timothy, and Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashi. 2000. Opium Regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839–1952. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Buckingham, Jane. 2002. Leprosy in Colonial South India: Medicine and Confinement. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chopra, R. N. and Chopra, G. S.. 1931. “Cocaine Habit in India.” Indian Journal of Medical Research 18: 1013–46.Google Scholar
Chouvy, Pierre-Arnaud and Meissonnier, Joël. 2004. Yaa-Baa: Production, Traffic, and Consumption of Methamphetamine in Mainland Southeast Asia. Singapore: Singapore University Press.Google Scholar
Chunder Bose, Kailas. 1902. “Cocaine Intoxication and Its Demoralizing Effects.” British Medical Journal 2: 1020–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
“Cocainism in Calcutta” (Editorial). 1902. British Medical Journal 1: 1041–42.Google Scholar
Courtwright, David T. 2001. Forces of Habit: Drugs and the Making of the Modern World. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dikötter, Frank, Laamann, Lars and Xun, Zhou. 2004. Narcotic Culture: A History of Drugs in China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Ewens, G. F. W. 1908. Insanity in India: Its Symptoms and Diagnosis. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink.Google Scholar
Gelber, Harry G. 2004. Opium, Soldiers, and Evangelicals: England's 1840–42 War with China and Its Aftermath. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanes, W. Travis and Sanello, Frank. 2002. The Opium Wars: The Addiction of One Empire and the Corruption of Another. London: Robson.Google Scholar
Harrison, Mark. 1994. Public Health in British India: Anglo-Indian Preventive Medicine, 1859–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Karch, Stephen B. 1999. “Japan and the Cocaine Industry of Southeast Asia, 1864–1944.” In Cocaine: Global Histories, ed. Gootenberg, Paul146–64. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kohn, Marek. 1999. “Cocaine Girls: Sex, Drugs and Modernity in London during and after the First World War.” In Cocaine: Global Histories, ed. Gootenberg, Paul105–22. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
McAllister, William B. 2000. Drug Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
McMahon, Keith. 2002. The Fall of the God of Money: Opium Smoking in Nineteenth Century China. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Meyer, Kathryn and Parssinen, Terry. 1998. Webs of Smoke: Smugglers, Warlords, Spies, and the History of the International Drug Trade. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Mills, James H. 2000. Madness, Cannabis and Colonialism: The ‘Native-Only’ Lunatic Asylums of British India, 1857–1900. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, James H. 2003. Cannabis Britannica: Empire, Trade, and Prohibition, 1800–1928. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musto, David. 1998. “International Traffic in Coca through the Early 20th Century.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 49(2): 145–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Overbeck-Wright, A. W. 1921. Lunacy in India. London: Bailliere, Tindall and Cox.Google Scholar
Ramanna, Mridula. 2002. Western Medicine and Public Health in Colonial Bombay, 1845–1895. London: Sangam.Google Scholar
Richards, John F. 2002. “Opium and the British Indian Empire: The Royal Commission of 1895.” Modern Asian Studies 36(2): 375420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slattery, J. 1931. Investigation of the Problem of Smuggling of Cocaine into India from the Far East. Simla: Government of India Press.Google Scholar
Spillane, Joseph F. 2000. Cocaine: From Medical Marvel to Modern Menace in the United States, 1884–1920. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Streatfeild, Dominic. 2002. Cocaine: An Unauthorized Biography. London: Virgin.Google Scholar
Zhang, Yangwen. 2003. “The Social Life of Opium in China, 1483–1999.” Modern Asian Studies 37(1): 139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar