Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-t5pn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-17T08:05:13.776Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Electricity crisis and energy efficiency to poultry production in Pakistan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 September 2015

S.G. KHOKHAR ,
Q. MIN  and
X. CHU
S.G. KHOKHAR*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Management & Economics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Q. MIN
Affiliation:
Faculty of Management & Economics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
X. CHU
Affiliation:
Faculty of Management & Economics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
*
Corresponding author: shahid.khokhar@khi.iba.edu.pk
Get access

Abstract

Intensive poultry production is heavily reliant on electricity for maintaining shed environments as well as in the supply of feed, lighting, the shed environment and water. During the last three decades, the demand and supply gap for electricity has plagued Pakistan. The energy crisis became even worse from 2006-07, with 18 hours rotational load shedding being implemented. During the last decade, there has been a major increase in environmentally controlled poultry farms in Pakistan which require continuous electricity supply to operate their automatic feeding, drinking and environmental control systems. Broiler farmers have opted for diesel generators to meet their electricity needs, which has subsequently increased total cost of production. Therefore, sustainable and economical energy solutions are required for Pakistani broiler farmers to be competitive in local and international markets. In this paper, the potential for solar energy is analysed, the poultry industry's energy needs are quantified and the use of PV-diesel hybrid power systems in environmentally controlled broiler houses is examined.

Keywords

electricity crisisPV-diesel hybridpoultry productionenergy efficiency
Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 71 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 539 - 546
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ALSEMA, E. (1998) Energy requirements of thin-film solar cell modules - a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2 (4): 387-415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ALSEMA, E.A., FRANKL, P. and KATO, K. (1998) Energy pay-back time of photovoltaic energy systems: present status and prospects. In 2nd World Conference on Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion (pp. 6-10).Google Scholar
BAJPAI, P. and DASH, V. (2012) Hybrid renewable energy systems for power generation in stand-alone applications: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (5): 2926-2939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BAZEN, E.F. and BROWN, M.A. (2009) Feasibility of solar technology (photovoltaic) adoption: A case study on Tennessee's poultry industry. Renewable Energy 34 (3): 748-754.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BYRNE, J., GLOVER, L., HEGEDUS, S. and VAN WICKLEN, G. (2005) The potential of solar electric applications for Delaware's poultry farms. Center for Energy and Environmental Policy, University of Delaware.Google Scholar
DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT MR INTERNATIONALE and AND RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY (REEE) (2012) Working Paper for Solar PV Upfront Tariff Development. Pak-German Development Cooperation.Google Scholar
FARHAN ZAHEER (2012) Solar Power Is Now Cheaper than Diesel Generators. http://tribune.com.pk/story/468215/energy-crisis-solar-power-is-now-cheaper-than-diesel-generators/.Accessed on 10 November, 2014.Google Scholar
FAROOQ, O. (2014) Economic Survey of Pakistan. Ministry of Finance, Planning and Development, Govt. Pakistan, Islamabad.Google Scholar
JUNGINGER, M., VAN SARK, W. and FAAIJ, A. (2010) Technological Learning in the Energy Sector: Lessons for Policy, Industry and Science. Edward Elgar Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KARKI, R. and BILLINTON, R. (2001) Reliability/cost implications of PV and wind energy utilisation in small isolated power systems. Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on 16 (4): 368-373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KEOLEIAN, G.A. and LEWIS, G.M.D. (1997) Application of life-cycle energy analysis to photovoltaic module design. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 5 (4): 287-300.3.0.CO;2-S>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KHAN, N.A., IRFAN, A.M. and KHALIL, M.S. (2014) . Renewable Energy in Pakistan: Status and Trends. Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB). http://aedb.org/publications/repk.pdf, Accessed on 26 September, 2014.Google Scholar
KHAWAR, G. (2014) Electricity Tariff Higher in Pakistan, Minister Admits. http://www.dawn.com/news/1106647.Google Scholar
LIVESTOCK and AND DAIRY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT (2014) Punjab Poultry Sector's Annual Statistical Report 2012-13. Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.Google Scholar
MUNEER, T., ASIF, M. and MUNAWWAR, S. (2005) Sustainable Production of Solar Electricity with Particular Reference to the Indian Economy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 9 (5): 444-473. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2004.03.004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PRIVATE POWER AND INFRASTRUCTURE BOARD (2013) National Power Policy 2013. Ministry of Water and Power, Government of Pakistan. http://www.ppib.gov.pk/N_archive.htm.Google Scholar
SHAHBAZ, R. (2013) Get Ready for Long Hours of Load-Shedding, Says Ishaq Dar. The Express Tribune, Pakistan, December 19. http://tribune.com.pk/story/647770/get-ready-for-long-hours-of-loadshedding-says-ishaq-dar/ accessed on 20 October, 2014.Google Scholar
STAFF REPORT (2014) Bad Governance Main Reason for High Power Tariffs in Pakistan. Daily Times. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/business/30-Jan-2014/bad-governance-main-reason-for-high-power-tariffs-in-pakistan, Accessed on 26 October, 2014.Google Scholar
WICHERT, B., DYMOND, M., LAWRANCE, W. and FRIESE, T. (2001) Development of a test facility for photovoltaic-diesel hybrid energy systems. Renewable energy 22 (1): 311-319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
YAMAMOTO, Y. (2012) Pricing Electricity from Residential Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparison of Feed-in Tariffs, Net Metering, and Net Purchase and Sale. Solar Energy 86 (9): 2678-2685. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2012.06.001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar