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Segregation of a liquid mixture by a radially oscillating bubble

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2007

OLIVIER LOUISNARD ,
FRANCISCO J. GOMEZ  and
ROMAIN GROSSIER
OLIVIER LOUISNARD
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés des Solides Divisés, Ecole des Mines d'Albi, 81013 Albi Cedex 09, France
FRANCISCO J. GOMEZ
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Ultrasonidos, Dpto. de Fisica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilia 302, Santiago, Chile
ROMAIN GROSSIER
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés des Solides Divisés, Ecole des Mines d'Albi, 81013 Albi Cedex 09, France
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Abstract

A theoretical formulation is proposed for forced mass transport by pressure gradients in a liquid binary mixture around a spherical bubble undergoing volume oscillations in a sound field. Assuming the impermeability of the bubble wall to both species, diffusion driven by pressure gradients and classical Fick-diffusion must cancel at the bubble wall, so that an oscillatory concentration gradient arises in the vicinity of the bubble. The Péclet number pe is generally high in typical situations and Fick diffusion cannot restore equilibrium immediately, so that an asymptotic average concentration profile may progressively build up in the liquid over large times. Such a behaviour is reminiscent of the so-called rectified diffusion problem, leading to slow growth of a gas bubble oscillating in a sound field. A rigorous method formerly proposed by Fyrillas & Szeri (J. Fluid Mech. vol. 277, 1994, p. 381) to solve the latter problem is used to solve the present one. It is based on splitting the problem into a smooth part and an oscillatory part. The smooth part is solved by a multiple scales method and yields the slowly varying average concentration field everywhere in the liquid. The oscillatory part is obtained by matched asymptotic expansions in terms of the small parameter pe−1/2: the inner solution is required to satisfy the oscillatory balance between pressure diffusion and Fick diffusion at the bubble wall, while the outer solution is required to be zero. Matching both solutions yields a unique splitting of the problem. The final analytical solution, truncated to leading order, compares successfully to direct numerical simulation of the full convection–diffusion equation. The analytical expressions for both smooth and oscillatory parts are calculated for various sets of bubble parameters: driving pressure, frequency and ambient radius. The smooth problem always yields an average depletion of the heaviest species at the bubble wall, only noticeable for large molecules or nano-particles. For driving pressures sufficiently high to yield inertial oscillations of the bubble, the oscillatory problem predicts a periodic peak excess concentration of the heaviest species at the bubble wall at each collapse, lingering on several tens of the time of the characteristic duration of the bubble rebound. The two effects may compete for large molecules and practical implications of this segregation phenomenon are proposed for various processes involving acoustic cavitation.

Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 577 , 25 April 2007 , pp. 385 - 415
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

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