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The Role of National Courts in Applying International Humanitarian LawSharon Weill *

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2015

Shane Darcy
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International Review of the Red Cross , Volume 96 , Issue 895-896: Generating respect for the law , December 2014 , pp. 1143 - 1149
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Copyright © icrc 2015 

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References

1 See, for example, Derek Jinks, Jackson Nyamuya Maogoto and Solon Solomon (eds), Applying International Humanitarian Law in Judicial and Quasi-Judicial Bodies, TMC Asser Press, The Hague and the Netherlands, 2014; Green, Leslie C., “The International Judicial Process and the Law of Armed Conflict”, Military Law and the Law of War Review, Vol. 38, No. 4, 1999Google Scholar; Danner, Allison Marston, “When Courts Make Law: How the International Criminal Tribunals Recast the Laws of War”, Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 59, No. 1, 2006Google Scholar; Shane Darcy, Judges, Law and War: The Judicial Development of International Humanitarian Law, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2014.

2 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 17 July 1998 (entered into force 1 July 2002), UN Doc. A/CONF.183/9, Arts 12(2), 17(1).

3 Report drawn up by the Joint Committee and presented to the Plenary Assembly, Final Record, Vol. II, Section B, 1949, p. 131.

4 The Role of National Courts in Applying International Humanitarian Law, p. 7.

5 Ibid., p. 7.

6 See generally Timothy L. H. McCormack and Gerry J. Simpson (eds), The Law of War Crimes; National and International Approaches, Kluwer Law International, Boston, MA, 1997; Igor P. Blishchenko, “Judicial Decisions as a Source of International Humanitarian Law”, in Antonio Cassese (ed.), The New Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict, Editoriale Scientifica, Naples, 1979; Jennings, Robert Y., “The Judiciary, National and International, and the Development of International Law”, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 45, No. 1, 1996CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Chetail, Vincent, “The Contribution of the International Court of Justice to International Humanitarian Law”, International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 85, No. 850, 2003, pp. 235CrossRefGoogle Scholar ff.

7 The Role of National Courts in Applying International Humanitarian Law, p. 2.

8 Ibid.

9 Ibid.

10 Ibid.

11 Ibid.

12 Ibid., p. 1.

13 Ibid.

14 Smith et al. v. Ministry of Defence, UKSC 41, 2013, paras 64–65.

15 Cited in Affaire des Biens Britaniques au Maroc Espagnol (Spain v. United Kingdom), 1 May 1925, Rapport III, Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. 2, 1949, p. 645, trans. in Bin Cheng, General Principles of Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals, Stevens & Sons, London, 1953 (reprinted by Grotius Publications, 1987), p. 65. For further discussion, see S. Darcy, above note 1, p. 146.

16 Martti Koskenniemi, From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of International Legal Argument, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005.

17 The Role of National Courts in Applying International Humanitarian Law, pp. 13–14.

18 Ibid., p. 14.

19 Ibid., pp. 15–17.

20 Ibid., p. 25.

21 Ibid., pp. 34–39.

22 Ibid., p. 47.

23 Ibid., pp. 60–63.

24 Ibid., p. 65.

25 Ibid., p. 65.

26 Ibid., p. 82.

27 Ibid., p. 100 (emphasis in original).

28 Ibid., pp. 102–109.

29 Ibid., p. 115.

30 Ibid., p. 117.

31 Ibid., pp. 153–154.

32 See, for example, S. Darcy, above note 1, pp. 216–221.

33 The Role of National Courts in Applying International Humanitarian Law, p. 158.

34 Ferrini v. Germany, Corte Suprema di Cassazione, sezioni unite civili, Appeal Decision No. 5044/4, 11 March 2004.

35 The Role of National Courts in Applying International Humanitarian Law, pp. 160–163.

36 Ibid., p. 177.

37 Ibid., p. 180.

38 Ibid., p. 184.

39 Ibid., p. 199.

40 See, for example, Thomas Tugendhat and Laura Croft, “The Fog of Law: An Introduction to the Legal Erosion of British Fighting Power”, Policy Exchange, 2013. See also Waters, Christopher P. M., “Is the Military Legally Encircled?”, Defence Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2008CrossRefGoogle Scholar.