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Article contents
Billy Graham as American Religious and Cultural Symbol
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 July 2015
Extract
Writing a biography challenges us in fundamental ways as scholars of religion, as historians, and as human beings. We are forced to reckon with the implicit and explicit theological commitments of religious persons, the ways they inhabited the world, the sometimes “strange country” that is the past, and the varied ways in which our subjects took for granted things by which we find ourselves and our age so troubled. While we may eschew “taking sides” in our attempts to be good scholars and under the noble goal of not wanting simplistically and reflexively to impose our contemporary moral judgments upon figures from the past, we cannot avoid discussing the moral choices historical actors made, assessing their prominence in their time, their influence on their broader surroundings, and their legacy beyond their times. All of these factors have great bearing on how we narrate the lives of historical figures and how we represent them in the present. James Baldwin's impassioned claim that it is with “great pain and terror [that] one begins to assess the history which has placed one where one is, and formed one's point of view” might sound a bit overly deterministic, but it is worth remembering when thinking self-consciously about how we critically assess and evaluate those about whom we write. Grant Wacker's new biography of Billy Graham, America's Pastor, invites the reader along to grasp more fully what this looks like as Wacker, a self-described “partisan of the same evangelical tradition Graham represented,” masterfully evokes and unfolds Graham as a shaper of public consciousness and a spokesperson for millions of “ordinary Americans.” This work possesses the virtues of the careful and considered reflections of a seasoned historian's analysis of the life of a famous religious leader who is deeply admired by many Americans. It is about the closest we will get to a full appreciation of Graham the man and Graham the icon.
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- Review Essay*
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- Copyright © President and Fellows of Harvard College 2015
Footnotes
*
Grant Wacker, America's Pastor: Billy Graham and the Shaping of a Nation (Cambridge: Belknap of Harvard University Press, 2014). 413 pp. $20.93 hb.
References
1 James Baldwin, “The White Man's Guilt,” Ebony (August 1965) 47–48, at 47.
2 Wacker, America's Pastor, 3.
3 Ibid., 2.
4 Dochuk, Darren, From Bible Belt to Sun Belt: Plain-Folk Religion, Grassroots Politics, and the Rise of Evangelical Conservatism (New York: Norton, 2011)Google Scholar.
5 Ibid., 291.
6 Williams, Daniel K., God's Own Party: The Making of the Christian Right (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
7 Ibid., 23.
8 Ibid. Graham often showed both disgust for and admiration for the commitment and dedication of Communists.
9 Martin, William Curtis, With God on Our Side: The Rise of the Religious Right in America (New York: Broadway, 1996)Google Scholar.
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17 Wacker, America's Pastor, 28 [the original is italicized].
18 Ibid., 24–25.
19 Ibid., 68.
20 Ibid., 69.
21 Ibid., 249.
22 Ibid., 250.
23 Ibid., 276.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid., 317.
26 Miller, Billy Graham, 11.
27 Ibid., 3.
28 As quoted in ibid., 47.
29 Ibid., 65.
30 Ibid., 11.
31 Wacker, America's Pastor, 309.
32 Ibid., 254.
33 Ibid., 225.
34 Ibid., 227.
35 Ibid., 226.
36 Ibid., 33.
37 Ibid., 306.
38 Ibid., 316.
39 Blum, Edward J., W. E. B. Du Bois: American Prophet (Politics and Culture in Modern America; Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007)Google Scholar.
40 Ibid., 12.
41 Fox, Richard Wightman, Reinhold Niebuhr: A Biography (New York: Pantheon, 1985)Google Scholar.
42 Ibid., x.
43 Ibid.
44 Ibid., viii.
45 Ibid., xi.
46 Ibid.