Article contents
The cognitive-emotional brain: Opportunitvnies and challenges for understanding neuropsychiatric disorders
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 June 2015
Abstract
Many of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders are marked by prominent disturbances of cognition and emotion. Characterizing the complex neural circuitry underlying the interplay of cognition and emotion is critically important, not just for clarifying the nature of the mind, but also for discovering the root causes of a broad spectrum of debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety, schizophrenia, and chronic pain.
- Type
- Open Peer Commentary
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015
References
Adachi, Y., Osada, T., Sporns, O., Watanabe, T., Matsui, T., Miyamoto, K. & Miyashita, Y. (2012) Functional connectivity between anatomically unconnected areas is shaped by collective network-level effects in the macaque cortex. Cerebral Cortex
22(7):1586–92. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhr234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akam, T. & Kullmann, D. M. (2014) Oscillatory multiplexing of population codes for selective communication in the mammalian brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience
15:111–22. doi: 10.1038/nrn3668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barrett, L. F. & Satpute, A. B. (2013) Large-scale brain networks in affective and social neuroscience: Towards an integrative functional architecture of the brain. Current Opinion in Neurobiology
23(3):361–72. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2012.12.012.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birn, R. M., Shackman, A. J., Oler, J. A., Williams, L. E., McFarlin, D. R., Rogers, G. M., Shelton, S. E., Alexander, A. L., Pine, D. S., Slattery, M. J., Davidson, R. J., Fox, A. S. & Kalin, N. H. (2014) Evolutionarily-conserved dysfunction of prefrontal-amygdalar connectivity in early-life anxiety. Molecular Psychiatry
19:915–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borsook, D., Becerra, L. & Hargreaves, R. (2006) A role for fMRI in optimizing CNS drug development. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
5(5):411–24. doi: 10.1038/nrd2027.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buhle, J.T., Silvers, J. A., Wager, T. D., Lopez, R., Onyemekwu, C., Kober, H., Weber, J., Ochsner, K. N. (2014) Cognitive reappraisal of emotion: A meta-analysis of human neuroimaging studies. Cerebral Cortex
24: 2981–90. doi: bht154 [pii] 10.1093/cercor/bht154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bullmore, E. & Sporns, O. (2012) The economy of brain network organization. Nature Reviews Neuroscience
13(5):336–49. doi: 10.1038/nrn3214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bystritsky, A. (2006) Treatment-resistant anxiety disorders. Molecular Psychiatry
11:805–14. doi: 4001852 [pii]10.1038/sj.mp.4001852.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cabral, J., Kringelbach, M. L. & Deco, G. (2014) Exploring the network dynamics underlying brain activity during rest. Progress in Neurobiology
114C:102–31. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.12.005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casey, B. J., Craddock, N., Cuthbert, B. N., Hyman, S. E., Lee, F. S. & Ressler, K. J. (2013) DSM-5 and RDoC: Progress in psychiatry research?
Nature Reviews Neuroscience
14(11):810–14. doi: 10.1038/nrn3621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cavanagh, J. F., & Shackman, A. J. (2014) Frontal midline theta reflects anxiety and cognitive control: Meta-analytic evidence. Journal of Physiology, Paris. pii: S0928-4257(14)00014-X. doi: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2014.04.003. [Epub ahead of print].Google ScholarPubMed
Chen, A. C., Oathes, D. J., Chang, C., Bradley, T., Zhou, Z. W., Williams, L. M., Glover, G. H., Deisseroth, K. & Etkin, A. (2013) Causal interactions between fronto-parietal central executive and default-mode networks in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
110(49):19944–49. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1311772110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, P. Y., Patel, V., Joestl, S. S., March, D., Insel, T. R., Daar, A. S., Anderson, W., Dhansay, M. A., Phillips, A., Shurin, S., Walport, M., Ewart, W., Savill, S. J., Bordin, I. A., Costello, E. J., Durkin, M., Fairburn, C., Glass, R. I., Hall, W., Huang, Y., Hyman, S. E., Jamison, K., Kaaya, S., Kapur, S., Kleinman, A., Ogunniyi, A., Otero-Ojeda, A., Poo, M. M., Ravindranath, V., Sahakian, B. J., Saxena, S., Singer, P. A. & Stein, D. J. (2011) Grand challenges in global mental health. Nature
475:27–30. doi: 475027a [pii]10.1038/475027a.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Damasio, A. (1994/2005) Descartes' error: Emotion, reason and the human brain. Penguin. (Original work published by Putnam in 1994).Google Scholar
de Sousa, R. (2014) Emotion. In: Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy, ed. Zalta, E. N.. Available at: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/emotion/.Google Scholar
Dum, R. P., Levinthal, D. J. & Strick, P. L. (2009) The spinothalamic system targets motor and sensory areas in the cerebral cortex of monkeys. Journal of Neuroscience
29:14223–35. doi: 29/45/14223 [pii] 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3398-09.2009.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duncan, S. & Barrett, L. F. (2007) Affect is a form of cognition: A neurobiological analysis. Cognition & Emotion
21:1184–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ekstrom, L. B., Roelfsema, P. R., Arsenault, J. T., Bonmassar, G. & Vanduffel, W. (2008) Bottom-up dependent gating of frontal signals in early visual cortex. Science
321:414–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fornito, A., Zalesky, A. & Breakspear, M. (2015) The connectomics of brain disorders. Nature Reviews Neuroscience
16:159–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fox, A. S. & Kalin, N. H. (2014) A translational neuroscience approach to understanding the development of social anxiety disorder and its pathophysiology. American Journal of Psychiatry
171:1162–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fox, A. S., Oakes, T. R., Shelton, S. E., Converse, A. K., Davidson, R. J. & Kalin, N. H. (2005) Calling for help is independently modulated by brain systems underlying goal-directed behavior and threat perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
102:4176–79. doi: 0409470102 [pii] 10.1073/pnas.0409470102 [doi].CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fox, A. S., Shelton, S. E., Oakes, T. R., Converse, A. K., Davidson, R. J. & Kalin, N. H. (2010) Orbitofrontal cortex lesions alter anxiety-related activity in the primate bed nucleus of stria terminalis. Journal of Neuroscience
30:7023–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, D. S. & McGee, S. J. (2011) Pain as a global public health priority. BMC Public Health
11:770. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-770.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1988) Topography of cognition: Parallel distributed networks in primate association cortex. Annual Review of Neuroscience
11:137–56. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ne.11.030188.001033.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gratton, C., Nomura, E. M., Perez, F. & D'Esposito, M. (2012) Focal brain lesions to critical locations cause widespread disruption of the modular organization of the brain. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
24(6):1275–85. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grupe, D. W. & Nitschke, J. B. (2013) Uncertainty and anticipation in anxiety: An integrated neurobiological and psychological perspective. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
14:488–501. doi: nrn3524 [pii]10.1038/nrn3524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guller, Y., Ferrarelli, F., Shackman, A. J., Sarasso, S., Peterson, M. J., Langheim, F. J., Meyerand, M. E., Tononi, G. & Postle, B. R. (2012) Probing thalamic integrity in schizophrenia using concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Archives of General Psychiatry
69(7):662–71. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Honey, C. J., Sporns, O., Cammoun, L., Gigandet, X., Thiran, J. P., Meuli, R. & Hagmann, P. (2009) Predicting human resting-state functional connectivity from structural connectivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
106(6):2035–40. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0811168106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iannetti, G. D., Salomons, T. V., Moayedi, M., Mouraux, A. & Davis, K. D. (2013) Beyond metaphor: Contrasting mechanisms of social and physical pain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences
17:371–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
IOM (Institute of Medicine) (2011) Relieving pain in America: A blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research. National Academies Press. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22553896
Google Scholar
Karnath, H.-O. & Smith, D. V. (2014) The next step in modern brain lesion analysis: Multivariate pattern analysis. Brain
137:2405–406.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, R. C., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M. & Wittchen, H. U. (2012) Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research
21:169–84. doi: 10.1002/mpr.1359.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LeDoux, J. E. (1995) Emotion: Clues from the brain. Annual Review of Psychology
46:209–35. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ps.46.020195.001233.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LeDoux, J. E. (2012) Rethinking the emotional brain. Neuron
73(4):653–76. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.004.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindquist, K. A. & Barrett, L. F. (2012) A functional architecture of the human brain: Emerging insights from the science of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences
16(11):533–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Logothetis, N. K. (2008) What we can do and what we cannot do with fMRI. Nature
453:869–78. doi: nature06976 [pii]10.1038/nature06976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mesulam, M. M. (1998) From sensation to cognition. Brain
121(Pt 6):1013–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Millan, M. J., Agid, Y., Brune, M., Bullmore, E. T., Carter, C. S., Clayton, N. S., Connor, R., Davis, S., Deakin, B., DeRubeis, R. J., Dubois, B., Geyer, M. A., Goodwin, G. M., Gorwood, P., Jay, T. M., Joëls, M., Mansuy, I. M., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Murphy, D., Rolls, E., Saletu, B., Spedding, M., Sweeney, J., Whittington, M. & Young, L. J. (2012) Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: characteristics, causes and the quest for improved therapy. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
11(2):141–68. doi: 10.1038/nrd3628.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Narayanan, N. S., Cavanagh, J. F., Frank, M. J. & Laubach, M. (2013) Common medial frontal mechanisms of adaptive control in humans and rodents. Nature Neuroscience
16(12):1888–95. doi: 10.1038/nn.3549.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Okon-Singer, H., Hendler, T., Pessoa, L. & Shackman, A. J. (2015) The neurobiology of emotion-cognition interactions: Fundamental questions and strategies for future research. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
9: 58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oler, J. A., Birn, R. M., Patriat, R., Fox, A. S., Shelton, S. E., Burghy, C. A., Stodola, D. E., Essex, M. J., Davidson, R. J. & Kalin, N. H. (2012) Evidence for coordinated functional activity within the extended amygdala of non-human and human primates. NeuroImage
61:1059–66. doi: S1053-8119(12)00326-6 [pii]10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.045.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paulus, M. P., Feinstein, J. S., Castillo, G., Simmons, A. N. & Stein, M. B. (2005) Dose-dependent decrease of activation in bilateral amygdala and insula by lorazepam during emotion processing. Archives of General Psychiatry
62(3):282–88. doi: 62/3/282 [pii]10.1001/archpsyc.62.3.282.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pearson, J. M., Watson, K. K. & Platt, M. L. (2014) Decision making: The neuroethological turn. Neuron
82(5):950–65. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pessoa, L. (2013) The cognitive-emotional brain. From interactions to integration. MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reinhart, R. M. & Woodman, G. F. (2014) Causal control of medial-frontal cortex governs electrophysiological and behavioral indices of performance monitoring and learning. Journal of Neuroscience
34(12):4214–27. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5421-13.2014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roseboom, P. H., Nanda, S. A., Fox, A. S., Oler, J. A., Shackman, A. J., Shelton, S. E., Davidson, R. J. & Kalin, N. H. (2014) Neuropeptide Y receptor gene expression in the primate amygdala predicts anxious temperament and brain metabolism. Biological Psychiatry
76: 850–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmitter, A. M. (2014) 17th and 18th century theories of emotions. In: Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy, ed. Zalta, E. N.. Available at: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/emotions-17th18th/.Google Scholar
Seminowicz, D. A., Mayberg, H. S., McIntosh, A. R., Goldapple, K., Kennedy, S., Segal, Z. & Rafi-Tari, S. (2004) Limbic-frontal circuitry in major depression: A path modeling metanalysis. NeuroImage
22:409–18. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.015 S1053811904000497 [pii].CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shackman, A. J., Fox, A. S., Oler, J. A., Shelton, S. E., Davidson, R. J. & Kalin, N. H. (2013) Neural mechanisms underlying heterogeneity in the presentation of anxious temperament. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
110:6145–50. doi: 1214364110 [pii] 10.1073/pnas.1214364110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shackman, A. J., McMenamin, B. W., Maxwell, J. S., Greischar, L. L. & Davidson, R. J. (2009) Right dorsolateral prefrontal cortical activity and behavioral inhibition. Psychological Science
20:1500–506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shackman, A. J., Salomons, T. V., Slagter, H. A., Fox, A. S., Winter, J. J. & Davidson, R. J. (2011) The integration of negative affect, pain and cognitive control in the cingulate cortex. Nature Reviews Neuroscience
12(3):154–67. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331082.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stout, D. M., Shackman, A. J. & Larson, C. L. (2013) Failure to filter: Anxious individuals show inefficient gating of threat from working memory. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
7:58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turk-Browne, N. B. (2013) Functional interactions as big data in the human brain. Science
342:580–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uhlhaas, P. J. & Singer, W. (2012) Neuronal dynamics and neuropsychiatric disorders: Toward a translational paradigm for dysfunctional large-scale networks. Neuron
75(6):963–80. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vincent, J. L., Patel, G. H., Fox, M. D., Snyder, A. Z., Baker, J. T., Van Essen, D. C., Zempel, J. M., Snyder, L. H., Corbetta, M. & Raichle, M. E. (2007) Intrinsic functional architecture in the anaesthetized monkey brain. Nature
447:83–86. doi: nature05758 [pii]10.1038/nature05758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whiteford, H. A., Degenhardt, L., Rehm, J., Baxter, A. J., Ferrari, A. J., Erskine, H. E., Charlson, F. J., Norman, R. E., Flaxman, A. D., Johns, N., Burstein, R., Murray, C. J. & Vos, T. (2013) Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet
382(9904):1575–86. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woo, C. W., Koban, L., Kross, E., Lindquist, M. A., Banich, M. T., Ruzic, L., Andrews-Hanna, J. R. & Wager, T. D. (2014) Separate neural representations for physical pain and social rejection. Nature Communications
5:5380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
A correction has been issued for this article:
- 9
- Cited by
Linked content
Please note a has been issued for this article.
Target article
Précis on The Cognitive-Emotional Brain
Related commentaries (19)
Active inference and cognitive-emotional interactions in the brain
Behavioral evidence for a continuous approach to the perception of emotionally valenced stimuli
Cognition as the tip of the emotional iceberg: A neuro-evolutionary perspective
Enactive neuroscience, the direct perception hypothesis, and the socially extended mind
How arousal influences neural competition: What dual competition does not explain
Integration of cognition and emotion in physical and mental actions in musical and other behaviors
Models for cognition and emotion: Evolutionary and linguistic considerations
Neuropsychology still needs to model organismic processes “from within”
On emotion-cognition integration: The effect of happy and sad moods on language comprehension
On theory integration: Toward developing affective components within cognitive architectures
Precision about the automatic emotional brain
Preferences and motivations with and without inferences
Social theory and the cognitive-emotional brain
Strengthening emotion-cognition integration
Surprise as an ideal case for the interplay of cognition and emotion
The cognitive-emotional brain is an embodied and social brain
The cognitive-emotional brain: Opportunitvnies and challenges for understanding neuropsychiatric disorders
United we stand, divided we fall: Cognition, emotion, and the moral link between them
When emotion and cognition do (not) work together: Delusions as emotional and executive dysfunctions
Author response
The cognitive-emotional amalgam