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Dietary factors affecting hindgut protein fermentation in broilers: a review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2015

S.N. QAISRANI ,
M.M. VAN KRIMPEN ,
R.P. KWAKKEL ,
M.W.A. VERSTEGEN  and
W.H. HENDRIKS
S.N. QAISRANI*
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
M.M. VAN KRIMPEN
Affiliation:
Wageningen UR Livestock Research, PO Box 65, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
R.P. KWAKKEL
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
M.W.A. VERSTEGEN
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
W.H. HENDRIKS
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
*
Corresponding author: shafqat.qaisrani@uvas.edu.pk
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Abstract

High growth rates in modern-day broilers require diets concentrated in digestible protein and energy. In addition to affecting feed conversion efficiency, it is important to prevent surplus dietary protein because of greater amounts of undigested protein entering the hindgut that may be fermented by the resident microbiota. The latter may result in increased formation of a wide range of protein-derived compounds including ammonia, amines, indoles and phenols, in addition to secondary products (lactate, succinate) and gases such as methane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. In poultry, studies have shown the presence of protein fermentation products such as biogenic amines and branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) in the ileal and caecal digesta. The production and metabolism of nitrogenous waste products (as a result of protein fermentation) such as uric acid and ammonia may lead to a burden on the organism and cause additional energy losses. Although biogenic amines are important for normal gut development, greater concentrations may cause gizzard erosion, mortality and depressed growth rate in broilers. A decrease in indigestible protein reduces hindgut protein fermentation. In broilers, feeding diets with coarse particles (between 600 to 900 μm) and/or using feed additives, such as pre- and probiotics and organic acids, especially butyric acid, may improve protein digestion, thereby, potentially reducing hindgut protein fermentation. Studies are therefore needed to determine the extent and importance of hindgut protein fermentation on performance and gut health in broilers.

Keywords

gut healthprotein fermentationhindgutbroilersfeeding strategyorganic acids
Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 71 , Issue 1 , March 2015 , pp. 139 - 160
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2015 

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