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Neuroinflammation as a possible link between cannabinoids and addiction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 October 2013

Livia C.M. Rodrigues ,
Pedro H. Gobira ,
Antonio Carlos de Oliveira ,
Renan Pelição ,
Antonio Lucio Teixeira ,
Fabricio A. Moreira  and
Alline Cristina Campos
Livia C.M. Rodrigues
Affiliation:
Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Science Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
Pedro H. Gobira
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Antonio Carlos de Oliveira
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Renan Pelição
Affiliation:
Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Science Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
Antonio Lucio Teixeira
Affiliation:
Group of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Program, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Fabricio A. Moreira
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Alline Cristina Campos*
Affiliation:
Group of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Program, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
*
Alline Cristina de Campos, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, School of Medicine – Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Tel: +55 31 34098073; Fax: +55 31 34099640; E-mail: allinecampos@usp.br
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Abstract

Objective

Substance dependence disorder is a chronically relapsing condition characterised by neurobiological changes leading to loss of control in restricting a substance intake, compulsion and withdrawal syndrome. In the past few years, (endo)cannabinoids have been raised as a possible target in the aetiology of drug addiction. On the other hand, although the exact mechanisms of the genesis of addiction remain poorly understood, it is possible that neuroinflammation might also play a role in the pathophysiology of this condition. Studies demonstrated that (endo)cannabinoids act as immunomodulators by inhibiting cytokines production and microglial cell activation. Thus, in the present review, we explore the possible role of neuroinflammation on the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids on drug addiction.

Methods

We conducted an evidence-based review of the literature in order to assess the role of cannabinoids on the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of addiction (terms: addiction, cannabinoids and inflammation). We searched PubMed and BioMedCentral databases up to April 2014 with no date restrictions.

Results

In all, 165 eligible articles were included in the present review. Existing evidence suggests that disruption in cannabinoid signalling during the drug addiction process leads to microglial activation and neuroinflammation.

Conclusion

The literature showed that inflammation and changes in endocannabinod signalling occur in drug abuse; however, it remains uncertain whether these changes are causally or coincidentally associated with addiction. Additional studies, therefore, are needed to elucidate the contribution of neuroinflammation on the behavioural and neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids on drug addiction.

Keywords

addictionalcoholcannabinoidscocaineneuroinflammation
Type
Review Article
Information
Acta Neuropsychiatrica , Volume 26 , Issue 6 , December 2014 , pp. 334 - 346
Copyright
© Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2014 

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