Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T07:43:25.325Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Linear hollows in the Jazira, Upper Mesopotamia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

T. J. Wilkinson
T. J. Wilkinson*
Affiliation:
Oriental Institute, 1155 E 58th Street, Chicago IL 60637-1569, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

O.G.S. Crawford, founder of ANTIQUITY, flew in the 1920s over an English landscape where the grooves and lines cut into unploughed downlands showed the courses of roads and tracks since earliest times. Similar patterns of crop- and soil-marks in the rain-fed agricultural zone of the Middle East, when studied in the same spirit, also reveal the local and the long-distance routes of a proven great age.

Type
Papers
Information
Antiquity , Volume 67 , Issue 256 , September 1993 , pp. 548 - 562
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BALL, W. 1990. The Tell al-Hawa Project: the second and third seasons of excavations at Tell al-Hawa, 1987-88, Mediterranean Archaeology 3: 75–92.Google Scholar
BALL, W., TUCKER, D. & WILKINSON, T.J.. 1989. The Tell al-Hawa Project: archaeological investigations in the North Jazira 1986-87, Iraq 51: 1–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BEAZELEY, G.A. 1919. Air photography in archaeology, Geographical Journal 53: 330x2013;35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BOTTEMA, S. 1989. Notes on the prehistoric environment of the Syrian Djezireh, in Haex, O.M.C. et al. (ed.), To the Euphrates and beyond: archaeological studies in honour of Maurits van Loon: 1–16. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema Google Scholar
BRADFORD, J. 1957. Ancient landscapes: studies in field archaeology. London: Bell & Hyman.Google Scholar
BURINGH, P. 1960. Soils and soil conditions in Iraq. Baghdad: Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Agriculture.Google Scholar
COOKE, R.U. & REEVES, R.W.. 1976. Arroyas and environmental change in the American Southwest. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
CRAWFORD, O.G.S. 1923. Air survey and archaeology, Geographical Journal 61: 342–66.Google Scholar
CRAWFORD, O.G.S. 1953. Archaeology in the field. London: J.M. Dent.Google Scholar
CRAWFORD, O.G.S. & KEILLER, A.. 1928. Wessex from the air. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
CRIBB, R. 1991. Nomads in archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
DAR, S. 1986. Landscape and pattern. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series 308.Google Scholar
DORNEMANN, R.H. 1988. Tell Hadidi: one Bronze Age site among many in the Tabqa Dam salvage area, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 270: 13–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ERGENZINGER, P.J., FREY, W., KUHNE, H. & KURSCHRER, H.. 1988. The reconstruction of environment, irrigation and development of settlement in the Habur in north-east Syria, in Bintliff, J.L., Davidson, D.A. & Grant, E. (ed.), Conceptual issues in environmental archaeology: 108–28. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
FRENKEL, R.E. 1970. Ruderal vegetation along some California roadsides. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press. University of California Publications in Geography 20.Google Scholar
GABRIEL, K. 1991. Roads to Center Place: a cultural atlas of Chaco Canyon and the Anasazi. Boulder (CO): Johnson Books.Google Scholar
GELB, I. 1986. Ebla and Lagash: environmental contrast, in Weiss, H. (ed.), The origins of cities in dry farming Syria: 157–67. Guilford (CT): Four Corners.Google Scholar
GOUDIE, A. 1986. The human impact on the natural environment. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press.Google Scholar
GROSSMAN, D. & SAFRAI, Z., 1980. Satellite settlement in western Samaria, Geographical Review 70: 446–61.Google Scholar
HINDLE, B.D. 1989. Medieval roads. Princes Risborough: Shire.Google Scholar
HOLLAND, T.A. 1976. Preliminary report on excavations at Tell es-Sweyhat, Syria 1973-4, Levant 8: 36–70.Google Scholar
HOLLAND, T.A. 1977. Preliminary report on excavations at Tell es-Sweyhat, Syria, 1975, Levant 9: 36–65.Google Scholar
IBRAHIM, JABIR KHALIL. 1986 Pre-Islamic settlement in Jazira. Baghdad: Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Culture and Information, State Organisation of Antiquities & Heritage.Google Scholar
JAGER, S.W. 1985 A prehistoric route and ancient cart-tracks in the Gemeente of Anloo (province of Drenthe), Palaeohistoria 27: 185–202.Google Scholar
LANGBEIN, W.B. & SCHüMM, S.A.. 1958. Yield of sediment in relation to mean annual precipitation, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 39: 1076–84.Google Scholar
LEWIS, N. 1955. The frontier of settlement in Syria, 1800-1905, International Affairs 31: 48–60.Google Scholar
LITTAUER, M.A. & CROUWEL, J.H.. 1979. Wheeled vehicles and ridden animals in the Ancient Near East. Leiden: E.J. Brill.Google Scholar
MAINGUET, M. 1991. Desertification: natural background and human mismanagement. Berlin: Springer Verlag.Google Scholar
MABBUTT, J.A. 1977. Desert landforms. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press.Google Scholar
MCCLELLAN, T. N.d. Irrigation and hydraulic systems in Syria. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
OATES, D. 1968. Studies in the ancient history of Northern Iraq. London: British Academy.Google Scholar
OATES, D. & J. 1990. Aspects of Hellenistic and Roman settlement in the Khabur Basin, in Matthiae, P., Van Loon, M. & Weiss, H. (ed.), Resurrecting the past: a joint tribute to Adnan Bounni. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut.Google Scholar
OBERNAUF, M.S. 1980. A history of research on the Chacoan roadway system, in Lyons, T.R. & Mathien, F.J. (ed.), Cultural resources remote sensing: 123–67. Washington (DC): National Park Service.Google Scholar
POWERS, R.P. 1984. Outliers and roads in the Chaco system, in Noble, D.G. (ed.), New light on Chaco Canyon, Annual Bulletin of the School of American Research: 45–59. Santa Fe (NM).Google Scholar
RUSSELL, K.W. 1988. After Eden: the behavioral ecology of food production in the Near East and North Africa. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. International series 391.Google Scholar
TAYLOR, C. 1979. Roads and tracks of Britain. London: Dent.Google Scholar
VAN LIERE, W.J. & LAUFFRAY, J.. 1954. Nouvelle prospection archeologique dans la Haute Jezireh Syrienne, Les Annales Archeologiques de Syrie 4/5: 129–48.Google Scholar
WARBURTON, M. & GRAVES, D.K.. 1992. Navajo Springs, Arizona: frontier outlier or autonomous great house, Journal of Field Archaeology 19: 51–69.Google Scholar
WILKINSON, T.J. 1989. Extensive sherd scatters and land use intensity, some recent results, Journal of Field Archaeology 16: 31–46.Google Scholar
WILKINSON, T.J. 1990a. Town and country in southeast Anatolia 1: Settlement and land use at Kurban Hoyuk and other sites in the Lower Karababa Basin. Chicago (IL): Oriental Institute. Oriental Institute Publications 109. Google Scholar
WILKINSON, T.J. 1990b. The development of settlement in the North Jazira between the 7th and 1st millennium BC, Iraq 52: 49–62.Google Scholar