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The Problem of Early Water-mills

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

E. Cecil Curwen
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Extract

In previous papers the writer has suggested that, according to such evidence as is available, the rotary quern must have been derived from the large and heavy donkey-mill of Greece and Rome (1), and Childe has further suggested that this development may have been brought about through the adaptation of the rotary principle to small portable mills suitable for the use of armies in the field (2). Thus legionaries, upon demobilization, would carry the idea, if not the articles themselves, back to their peasant homes.

Type
Research Article
Information
Antiquity , Volume 18 , Issue 71 , September 1944 , pp. 130 - 146
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd 1944

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References

Richard, Bennett and John, Elton, History of Corn Milling, vol. II (London and Liverpool, 1899). This deals very fully with all aspects of water-mills and is a treasure-house of facts.Google Scholar
Gilbert, Goudie, ‘On the Horizontal Water-mills of Shetland’, Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., 1886, XX, 257–;97. By ‘horizontal mills’ Goudie means mills with horizontal wheels and vertical shafts, hence the present writer considers ‘vertical mills’ to be a more descriptive term. This deals with the subject in great detail and is well and fully illustrated.Google Scholar
Robert, Macadam, ‘Ancient Water-mills’, Ulster J. Archaeology, 1856, IV, 6–;15. A pioneer paper.Google Scholar
O’Reilly, J. P., ‘Some Further Notes on Ancient Horizontal Water-mills, native and foreign’, Proc. R. Irish Acad., 1902–;4, XXIV, Sect. C, 55–;84.Google Scholar
Joyce, P. W., The Social History of Ancient Ireland, vol. II, chap. XXV, ‘Corn-mills’.Google Scholar