Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-16T19:00:33.776Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Adaptivity in high-performance embedded systems: a reactive control model for reliable and flexible design

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 October 2014

Huafeng Yu ,
Abdoulaye Gamatié ,
Éric Rutten  and
Jean-Luc Dekeyser
Huafeng Yu
Affiliation:
INRIA Rennes/IRISA, Campus de Beaulieu, 263, avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France; e-mail: huafeng.yu@us.toyota-itc.com
Abdoulaye Gamatié
Affiliation:
CNRS/LIFL, INRIA Lille Nord Europe, 40 avenue Halley, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France e-mail: abdoulaye.gamatie@lifl.fr
Éric Rutten
Affiliation:
INRIA Rhône-Alples, 655 avenue de l’Europe, Montbonnot, 38334 Saint-Ismier cedex, France e-mail: eric.rutten@inria.fr
Jean-Luc Dekeyser
Affiliation:
USTL/LIFL, INRIA Lille Nord Europe, 40 avenue Halley, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France e-mail: jean-luc.dekeyser@lifl.fr
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

System adaptivity is increasingly demanded in high-performance embedded systems, particularly in multimedia system-on-chip (SoC), owing to growing quality-of-service requirements. This paper presents a reactive control model that has been introduced in Gaspard, our framework dedicated to SoC hardware/software co-design. This model aims at expressing adaptivity as well as reconfigurability in systems performing data-intensive computations. It is generic enough to be used for description in the different parts of an embedded system, for example, specification of how different data-intensive algorithms can be chosen according to some computation modes at the functional level; and expression of how hardware components can be selected via the usage of a library of intellectual properties according to execution performances. The transformation of this model toward synchronous languages is also presented, in order to allow an automatic code generation usable for formal verification, based on techniques such as model checking and controller synthesis, as illustrated in the paper. This work, based on Model-Driven Engineering and the standard UML MARTE profile, has been implemented in Gaspard.

Type
Articles
Information
The Knowledge Engineering Review , Volume 29 , Issue 4: Trends in high-performance computing and communications for ubiquitous computing , September 2014 , pp. 433 - 451
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, E., Chase, D., Hallett, J., Luchangco, V., Maessn, J.-W., Ryu, S., Steele, G. L. Jr. & Tobin-Hochstadt, S. 2007. The Fortress language specification version 1.0 beta. Technical report. SunMicrosystems, Inc., March.Google Scholar
Andre, C. 2004. Computing SyncCharts reactions. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 88, 3–19.Google Scholar
Benveniste, A., Caspi, P., Edwards, S. A., Halbwachs, N., Guernic, P. L. & Simone, R. D. 2003. The synchronous languages twelve years later. Proceedings of the IEEE 91(1):64–83.Google Scholar
Boulet, P. 2007. Array-OL revisited, multidimensional intensive signal processing specification. Research Report RR-6113, INRIA, February. http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00128840/en/Google Scholar
Boulet, P. 2008. Formal semantics of Array-OL, a domain specific language for intensive multidimensional signal processing. Research Report RR-6467, INRIA, March.Google Scholar
Callahan, D., Chamberlain, B. L. & Zima, H. P. 2004. The cascade high productivity language. In 9th International Workshop on High-Level Parallel Programming Models and Supportive Environments. IEEE Computer Society, April, 52–60.Google Scholar
Charles, P., Grothoff, C., Saraswat, V., Donawa, C., Kielstra, A., Ebcioglu, K., von Praun, C. & Sarkar, V. 2005. X10: an object-oriented approach to nonuniform cluster computing. In 20th Annual ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications. ACM Press, 519–538.Google Scholar
Chen, K., Sztipanovits, J., Abdelwahed, S. & Jackson, E. K. 2005. Semantic anchoring with model transformations. In European Conference on Model Driven Architecture Foundations and Applications (ECMDA–FA’05), 115–129.Google Scholar
Combemale, B., Rougemaille, S., Crégut, X., Migeon, F., Pantel, M., Maurel, C. & Coulette, B. 2006. Towards rigorous metamodeling. In MDEIS, 5–14.Google Scholar
Esterel Technologies 2009. SCADE. http://www.esterel-technologies.comGoogle Scholar
Gamatié, A., Beux, S. L., Piel, É., Atitallah, R. B., Etien, A., Marquet, P. & Dekeyser, J.-L. 2010. A model driven design framework for massively parallel embedded systems. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) (to appear).Google Scholar
Gamatié, A., Rutten, É. & Yu, H. 2008a. A model for the mixed-design of data-intensive and control-oriented embedded systems. Research Report RR-6589, INRIA, July. http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00293909/frGoogle Scholar
Gamatié, A., Rutten, É., Yu, H., Boulet, P. & Dekeyser, J.-L. 2008b. Synchronous modeling and analysis of data intensive applications. EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems. http://dx.doi. org/10.1155/2008/561863Google Scholar
Gamatié, A., Yu, H., Delaval, G. & Rutten, E. 2009. A case study on controller synthesis for data-intensive embedded systems. In Second International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems (ICESS09), ISBN: 978-0-7695-3678-1, IEEE Computer Society, 75–82.Google Scholar
Girault, A., Lee, B. & Lee, E. 1999. Hierarchical finite state machines with multiple concurrency models. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 18(6):742–760.Google Scholar
Halbwachs, N., Caspi, P., Raymond, P. & Pilaud, D. 1991. The synchronous dataflow programming language Lustre. Proceedings of the IEEE 79(9):1305–1320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harel, D. 1987. Statecharts: a visual formalism for complex systems. Science of Computer Programming 8(3):231–274.Google Scholar
High Performance Fortran Forum 1997. High Performance Fortran language specification, January. http://hpff. rice.edu/versions/hpf2/index.htmGoogle Scholar
INRIA DaRT Team 2009. Gaspard SoC framework. http://www.gaspard2.org/Google Scholar
Labbani, O., Dekeyser, J.-L., Boulet, P. & Rutten, É. 2005. Introducing control in the Gaspard2 data-parallel MetaModel: synchronous approach. In Proceedings of the International Workshop MARTES.Google Scholar
Maraninchi, F. & Rémond, Y. 2003. Mode-automata: a new domain-specific construct for the development of safe critical systems. Science of Computer Programming 46(3):219–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marchand, H., Bournai, P., Borgne, M. L. & Guernic, P. L. 2000. Synthesis of discrete-event controllers based on the signal environment. Discrete Event Dynamic System: Theory and Applications 10(4):325–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohagheghi, P. & Dehlen, V. 2008. Where is the proof? A review of experiences from applying MDE in industry. In Fourth European Conference on Model Driven Architecture Foundations and Applications (ECMDA-FA), Schieferdecker, I. & Hartman, A. (eds), LNCS 5095432–443. Springer.Google Scholar
MPI Forum 2007. Message Passing Interface forum. http://www.mpi-forum.org/docs/docs.htmlGoogle Scholar
Object Management Group 2005. MOF query/views/transformations, November. http://www.omg.org/spec/QVT/Google Scholar
Object Management Group 2007a. Portal of the Model Driven Engineering community. http://www.planetmde.orgGoogle Scholar
Object Management Group 2007b. OMG unified modeling language (OMG UML), superstructure, V2.1.2, November. http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.1.2/Superstructure/PDF/Google Scholar
Object Management Group 2008. Modeling and analysis of real-time and embedded systems (MARTE). http://www.omgmarte.org/Google Scholar
OpenMP API 2008. OpenMP 3.0 specifications. http://www.openmp.org/mp-documents/spec30.pdfGoogle Scholar
Quadri, I., Yu, H., Gamatié, A., Rutten, E., Meftali, S. & Dekeyser, J.-L. 2010. Targeting reconfigurable FPGA based SoCs using the MARTE UML profile: from high abstraction levels to code generation. International Journal of Embedded Systems (IJES), Special Issue on Reconfigurable and Multicore Embedded Systems (to appear).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A. 2007. Quo Vadis SLD: reasoning about trends and challenges of system-level design. Proceedings of the IEEE, 95(3), 467–506. http://chess.eecs. berkeley.edu/pubs/263.htmlCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Semiconductor Industry Association 2004. International technology roadmap for semiconductors update (design). http://www.itrs.netGoogle Scholar
Talpin, J.-P., Brunette, C., Gautier, T. & Gamatié, A. 2006. Polychronous mode automata. In EMSOFT ’06: Proceedings of the 6th ACM & IEEE International Conference on Embedded Software. ISBN: 1-59593-542-883–92. ACM.Google Scholar
The MathWorks 2009. Simulink. http://www.mathworks.com/products/simulinkGoogle Scholar
Thies, W., Karczmarek, M. & Amarasinghe, S. 2002. Streamit: a language for streaming applications. In Compiler Construction. 11th International Conference, CC 2002, Held as Part of the Joint European Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2002, April, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2304/2002, 49–84. Springer.Google Scholar
UML tool list 2009. Unified modeling language (UML) tools. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_UML_toolsGoogle Scholar
Wilde, D. K. 1994. The ALPHA language. Technical Report 827, IRISA.Google Scholar
Yu, H. 2008. A MARTE-Based Reactive Model for Data-Parallel Intensive Processing: Transformation Toward the Synchronous Model. PhD thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille.Google Scholar
Yu, H., Gamatié, A., Rutten, E. & Dekeyser, J.-L. 2008a. Safe design of high-performance embedded systems in a MDE framework. Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering (ISSE) 4(3):215–222.Google Scholar
Yu, H., Gamatié, A., Rutten, E. & Dekeyser, J.-L. 2008b. Model transformations from a data parallel formalism towards synchronous languages. In Embedded Systems Specification and Design Languages, Selected Contributions from FDL’07, chapter 13, ISBN: 978-1-4020-8296-2, Lecture Notes Electrical Engineering, 10. Springer Verlag.Google Scholar