Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T23:09:24.225Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Ownership of Assets by Place-Based Community Organisations: Political Rationales, Geographies of Social Impact and Future Research Agendas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2013

Tom Moore
Affiliation:
Centre for Housing Research, University of St Andrews E-mail: tm55@st-andrews.ac.uk
Kim McKee
Affiliation:
Centre for Housing Research, University of St Andrews E-mail: km410@st-andrews.ac.uk

Abstract

This article calls for a more nuanced understanding of the links between the motivations, trajectories and policy environments of community asset organisations and the geographies of their social impact. While potential for the ownership of physical assets by place-based community organisations can be found in new localism powers in all four jurisdictions of the UK, there may be differences in policy articulation and implementation that enable or limit the social benefits community asset organisations are thought to deliver. Furthermore, community assets are premised on their intrinsic tie and value to place, with social cohesion, communal mobilisation and identification of mutual interest thought to be at their heart. This article reviews research in this field set in relation to recent policy developments, and identifies an important need to better understand how the personal and social geographies of impact are delivered in, and influenced by, different spatial contexts and political frameworks.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ACEVO (2011) Powerful People, Responsbile Society: Report of the Commission on Big Society, London: ACEVO, http://www.acevo.org.uk/document.doc?id=1515 (accessed 1 August 2013).Google Scholar
Aiken, G. (2012) ‘Community transitions to low carbon futures in the transition towns network’, Geography Compass, 6, 2, 8999.Google Scholar
Aiken, M., Cairns, B., Taylor, M. and Moran, R. (2011) Community Organisations Controlling Assets: A Better Understanding, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/community-organisations-assets-full.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Alcock, P. (2012a) The Big Society: A New Policy Environment for the Third Sector?, Birmingham: Third Sector Research Centre, http://www.tsrc.ac.uk/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=SG8F6BP3AD4%3D&tabid=927 (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Alcock, P. (2012b) ‘New policy spaces: the impact of devolution on third sector policy’, Social Policy and Administration, 46, 2, 219–38.Google Scholar
Arradon, G. and Wyler, S. (2008) What Role for Community Enterprises in Tackling Poverty?, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/2299.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Arvidson, M., Lyon, F., McKay, S. and Moro, D. (2013) ‘Valuing the social? The nature and controversies of measuring social return on investment’, Voluntary Sector Review, 4, 1, 318.Google Scholar
Bailey, N. (2011) ‘The role, organisation and contribution of community enterprise to urban regeneration policy in the UK’, Progress in Planning, 77, 1, 135.Google Scholar
Blond, P. (2010) Red Tory: How Left and Right Have Broken Britain and How We Can Fix It, London: Faber & Faber.Google Scholar
Buser, M. (2013) ‘Tracing the democratic narrative: Big Society, localism and civic engagement’, Local Government Studies, 39, 1, 321.Google Scholar
CM International (2011) Big Lottery Fund: Evaluation of the Community Asset Transfer Programme – Process Evaluation Report, Cardiff: CM International, http://www.biglotteryfund.org.uk/er_catp1.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Cabinet Office (2010) Giving White Paper, London: HM Government, http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/giving-white-paper2.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Cabras, I. (2011) ‘Industrial and provident societies and village pubs: exploring community cohesion in rural Britain’, Environment and Planning A, 43, 10, 2419–34.Google Scholar
Carnegie, UK Trust (2012) Scottish Government Consultation on the Proposed Community Empowerment and Renewal Bill: CUKT Response, Dunfermline: Carnegie UK Trust, http://www.carnegieuktrust.org.uk/getattachment/67711a17–195a-4f44–84f4-d24c4229cfc1/Scottish-Government-Consultation—Community-Empow.aspx (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Christie Commission (2011) Commission on the Future Delivery of Public Services, Edinburgh: Scottish Government, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2011/06/27154527/0, (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Civil Exchange (2012) The Big Society Audit 2012, London: Civil Exchange, http://www.civilexchange.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/THE-BIG-SOCIETY-AUDIT-2012finalwebversion.pdf (accessed 1 August 2013).Google Scholar
Clifford, D., Geyne Rajme, F. and Mohan, J. (2012) ‘Variations between organisations and localities in government funding of third-sector activity: evidence from the national survey of third-sector organisations in England’, Urban Studies, 50, 5, 959–76.Google Scholar
Crowley, L., Balaram, B. and Lee, N. (2012) People or Place? Urban Policy in the Age of Austerity, Lancaster: The Work Foundation, http://www.theworkfoundation.com/Reports/321/People-or-Place-Urban-policy-in-the-age-of-austerity (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Crowley, N. (2012) Lost in Austerity: Rethinking the Community Sector, Birmingham: Third Sector Research Centre, http://www.tsrc.ac.uk/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=637%2FEYjI5sU%3D&tabid=922 (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
DCLG (2011a) Decentralisation, London: DCLG, http://www.communities.gov.uk/localgovernment/decentralisation/ (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
DCLG (2011b) The Localism Act, London: DCLG, http://www.communities.gov.uk/localgovernment/decentralisation/localismbill/ (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Danson, M. and Whittam, G. (2011) ‘Scotland's Civic Society v. England's Big Society? Diverging roles of the VCS in public service delivery’, Social Policy and Society, 10, 3, 353–63.Google Scholar
DeFilippis, J. (2001) ‘The myth of social capital in community development’, Housing Policy Debate, 12, 4, 781806.Google Scholar
Featherstone, D., Ince, A., Mackinnon, D., Strauss, K. and Cumbers, A. (2012) ‘Progressive localism and the construction of political alternatives’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37, 2, 177–82.Google Scholar
Fyfe, N. R. (2005) ‘Making space for “neo-communitarianism”? The third sector, state and civil society in the UK’, Antipode, 37, 3, 536–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haughton, G. (1998) ‘Principles and practice of community economic development’, Regional Studies, 32, 9, 872–7.Google Scholar
Imbroscio, D. (2013) ‘From redistribution to ownership: toward an alternative urban policy for America's cities’, Urban Affairs Review, Online First, doi:10.1177/1078087413495362.Google Scholar
Jacobs, K. and Manzi, T. (2012) ‘New localism, old retrenchment: the “Big Society”, housing policy and the politics of welfare reform’, Housing Theory and Society, 29, 1, 117.Google Scholar
Kisby, B. (2010) ‘The Big Society: power to the people?’, The Political Quarterly, 81, 4, 484–91.Google Scholar
Locality (2011) A Snapshot of Our Members in England, London: Locality, http://locality.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Locality-Survey-a-snapshot-of-our-members-in-England-2011.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Macmillan, R. (2013) Making Sense of the Big Society: Perspectives from the Third Sector, Birmingham: Third Sector Research Centre, http://www.tsrc.ac.uk/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=O%2fFyIy5402A%3d&tabid=980 (accessed 1 August 2013).Google Scholar
McKee, K. (2010) ‘The future of community housing in Scotland: some thoughts and reflections’, People, Place and Policy Online, 4, 3, 103–10.Google Scholar
McKee, K. (2011) Glasgow and West of Scotland Forum of Housing Associations’ Response to the Scottish Government's Regeneration Discussion Document: Building a Sustainable Future, Glasgow and St Andrews: GWSF and University of St Andrews, http://gwsf.org.uk/uploads/GWSFregenmay2011webversion.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
McKee, K. (2012) Housing Associations and the Big Society: Lessons from Scotland's Community Housing Sector, St Andrews: Centre for Housing Research, University of St Andrews, http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/McKee_Carnegie%20Report.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Moore, T. and McKee, K. (2012) ‘Empowering local communities? An international review of community land trusts’, Housing Studies, 27, 280–90.Google Scholar
Moore, T. and Mullins, D. (2013) ‘Scaling-up or going viral? Comparing self-help housing and community land trust facilitation’, Voluntary Sector Review, 4, 3, doi:10.1332/204080513X671931.Google Scholar
Morison, J. (2000) ‘The government-voluntary sector compacts: governance, governmentality and civil society’, Journal of Law and Society, 27, 1, 98132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, D. and Gilchrist, A. (2011) Communities Connected: Inclusion, Participation and Common Purpose, London: RSA, http://www.thersa.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/518924/RSA_Communities-Connected-AW_181011.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Muñoz, S. A. (2010) ‘Towards a geographical research agenda for social enterprise’, Area, 42, 3, 302–12.Google Scholar
Murtagh, B., Bennett, E., Copeland, L. and Goggin, N. (2012) Community Asset Transfer in Northern Ireland, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/community-assets-northern-ireland-summary.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
New Economics Foundation (2012) Cutting It in Birmingham: Why the Grass Roots Aren't Growing Any More, London: NEF, http://www.neweconomics.org/publications/cutting-in-in-birmingham (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Pharoah, C. (2012) ‘How will funding play a role in the shaping of the Big Society?’, in Steeds, A. (ed.), Philanthropy and a Better Society, London: Alliance Publishing, pp. 91–6.Google Scholar
Phills, J., Deiglemier, K. and Miller, D. (2008) ‘Rediscovering social innovation’, Stanford Social Innovation Review, 6, 3, 3443.Google Scholar
Plunkett Foundation (2012) A Better Form of Business – Community-Owned Village Shops, Oxford: Plunkett Foundation, http://www.plunkett.co.uk/whatwedo/research.cfm (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Quirke, B. (2007) Making Assets Work: The Quirk Review of Community Management and Ownership of Public Assets, London: Department for Communities and Local Government, http://webarchive.nationacarchives.gov.uk/20120919132719/http:www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities.pdf/321083.pdf [accessed 02.10.2013].Google Scholar
Rose, N. (1996) ‘The death of the social? Re-figuring the territory of government’, Economy and Society, 25, 3, 327–56.Google Scholar
Rose, N. (2000) ‘Community, citizenship, and the third way’, American Behavioral Scientist, 43, 9, 1395–411.Google Scholar
Satsangi, M. (2007) ‘Land tenure change and rural housing in Scotland’, Scottish Geographical Journal, 123, 1, 3347.Google Scholar
Satsangi, M. and Murray, S. (2011) Community Empowerment: Final Report to Walterton and Elgin Community Homes, Stirling: School of Applied Science, University of Stirling, chttp://www.wech.co.uk/images/stories/pdf/Community_Empowerment_Report_by_Dr_Satsangi.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Scottish Government (2012) A Consultation on the Proposed Community Empowerment and Renewal Bill, Edinburgh: Scottish Government, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2012/06/7786 (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Skelcher, C. (2000) ‘Changing images of the State: overloaded, hollowed-out, congested’, Public Policy and Administration, 15, 3, 319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skerratt, S. (2011) Community Land Ownership and Community Resilience, Edinburgh: Scottish Agricultural College, http://www.sruc.ac.uk/downloads/download/9/2011_community_land_ownership_and_community_resilience (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Skerratt, S. and Hall, C. (2011) ‘Community ownership of physical assets: challenges, complexities and implications’, Local Economy, 26, 3, 170–81.Google Scholar
SQW Consultancy (2011) Final Evaluation of the Asset Transfer Unit: Car Parks and Castles – Giving Communities the Keys, Cambridge: SQW, http://www.sqw.co.uk/file_download/357 (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
SQW Consultancy (2012) Growing Community Assets Evaluation: Year 4 Report, Cambridge: SQW, http://www.biglotteryfund.org.uk/er_gca4.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Thake, S. (2006) Community Assets: The Benefits and Costs of Community Management and Ownership, London: DCLG, http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/communities/pdf/151999.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Thorlby, T. (2011) Finance and Business Models for Supporting Community Asset Ownership and Control, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/community-assets-business-models.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Wells, P., Crowe, M., Gilbertson, J. and Gore, T. (2011a) ‘A Big Society in Yorkshire and the Humber?’, People, Place and Policy Online, 5, 2, 89106.Google Scholar
Wells, P., Dayson, C., Batty, E., Crisp, R. and Parr, S. (2011b) Social Investment and Its Impact: The Evaluation of Charity Bank in the North, Sheffield: Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research, Sheffield Hallam University, http://www.charitybank.org/sites/default/files/pdf/Final%20SHU%20CBN%20Evalution%20Report%202010–11.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar
Wells, P., Hickman, P., Dayson, C., Walshaw, A., Batty, E., Gore, T., Green, S., Wilson, I. and O'Toole, C. (2012) Village SOS: Project Evaluation, Sheffield: Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research, Sheffield Hallam University, http://www.shu.ac.uk/_assets/pdf/vsos_final.pdf (accessed 14 November 2012).Google Scholar