Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T21:36:53.624Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Characterization of microstructure and residual stress in a 3D H13 tool steel component produced by additive manufacturing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 August 2014

Ryan Cottam ,
James Wang  and
Vladimir Luzin
Ryan Cottam*
Affiliation:
Industrial Laser Applications Laboratory, IRIS, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
James Wang
Affiliation:
Industrial Laser Applications Laboratory, IRIS, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
Vladimir Luzin
Affiliation:
Bragg Institute, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2232, Australia
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: rcottam@swin.edu.au
Get access

Abstract

H13 tool steel was deposited using the additive manufacturing technique Direct Metal Deposition to produce a part having a wedge geometry. The wedge was characterized both in terms of microstructure and residual stress. It was found that phase transformations were significantly influencing the microstructure, which was then linked to the residual stress distribution as seen in Fig. 8. The residual stress distribution was found to be opposite to that reported in the literature. This was attributed to the low temperature martensitic phase transformation of the H13 tool steel and the subsequent tempering of the microstructure with an increasing number of layers of deposited material. The high hardness and compressive residual stress of the top 4 mm of the wedge are ideal in die casting and forging dies, as it will resist thermal fatigue. It also has a hardness higher than that produced by typical heat treatment processes.

Keywords

steelneutron scatteringmicrostructure
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 29 , Issue 17: Focus Issue: The Materials Science of Additive Manufacturing , 14 September 2014 , pp. 1978 - 1986
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Gu, D.D., Meiners, W., Wissenbach, K., and Poprawe, R.: Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: Materials, processes and mechanisms. Int. Mater. Rev. 57, 133 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arcella, F.G. and Froes, F.H.: Producing titanium aerospace components from powder using laser forming. JOM 52, 28 (2000).Google Scholar
Brice, C.A. and Hofmeister, W.H.: Determination of bulk residual stresses in electron beam additive-manufactured aluminum. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 44, 5147 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vayre, B., Vigna, F., and Villeneuve, F.: Metallic additive manufacturing: State-of-the-art review and prospects. Mech. Ind. 13, 89 (2012).Google Scholar
Murr, L.E., Quinones, S.A., Gaytan, S.M., Lopez, M.I., Rodela, A., Martinez, E.Y., Hernandez, D.H., Martinez, F., Medina, F.R., and Wicker, R.B.: Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ti-6Al-4V produced by rapid layer manufacturing for biomedical applications. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 2, 20 (2009).Google Scholar
Tsopanos, S., Mines, R.A.W., McKown, S., Shen, Y., Cantwell, W.J., Brooks, W., and Sutcliffe, C.J.: The influence of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of selectively laser melted stainless steel micro lattice structures. J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 132, 041011 (2010).Google Scholar
Imran, M.K., Masood, S.H., Brandt, M., Bhattacharya, S., and Mazumder, J.: Direct metal deposition (DMD) of H13 tool steel on copper alloy substrate: Evaluation of mechanical properties. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 528, 3342 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmeister, W., Griffith, M., Ensz, M., and Smugeresky, J.: Solidification in direct metal deposition by LENS processing. JOM 53, 30 (2001).Google Scholar
Maziasz, P.J., Payzant, E.A., Schlienger, M.E., and McHugh, K.M.: Residual stresses and microstructure of H13 steel formed by combining two different direct fabrication methods. Scr. Mater. 39, 1471 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinkerton, A.J. and Li, L.: Direct additive laser manufacturing using gas- and water atomised H13 tool steel powders. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 25, 471 (2005).Google Scholar
McHugh, K.M., Lin, Y., Zhou, Y., and Lavernia, E.J.: Influence of cooling rate on phase formation in spray-formed H13 tool steel. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 477, 50 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moat, R.J., Pinkerton, A.J., Li, L., Withers, P.J., and Preuss, M.: Residual stresses in laser direct metal deposited Waspaloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 528, 2288 (2011).Google Scholar
Rangaswamy, P., Griffith, M.L., Prime, M.B., Holden, T.M., Rogge, R.B., Edwards, J.M., and Sebring, R.J.: Residual stresses in LENS® components using neutron diffraction and contour method. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 399, 72 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rangaswamy, P., Holden, T.M., Rogge, R.B., and Griffith, M.L.: Residual stresses in components formed by the laser-engineered net shaping (LENS®) process. J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. 38, 519 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J-Y., Conlon, K., Xue, L., and Rogge, R.: Experimental study of residual stresses in laser clad AISI P20 tool steel on pre-hardened wrought P20 substrate. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 527, 7265 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghosh, S. and Choi, J.: Modeling and experimental verification of transient/residual stresses and microstructure formation in multi-layer laser aided DMD process. J. Heat Transfer 128, 662 (2006).Google Scholar
Colaco, R. and Vilar, R.: Effect of laser surface melting on the tempering behaviour of DIN X42Cr13 stainless tool steel. Scr. Mater. 38, 107 (1998).Google Scholar
Tool Materials (ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1995).Google Scholar
Cottam, R., Luzin, V., Liu, Q., Wong, Y.C., Wang, J., and Brandt, M.: Investigation into heat treatment and residual stress in laser clad AA7075 powder on AA7075 substrate. Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal. (2013).Google Scholar
Murakawa, H., Beres, M., Davies, C.M., Rashed, S., Vega, A., Tsunori, M., Nikbin, K.M., and Dye, D.: Effect of low transformation temperature weld filler metal on welding residual stress. Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining 15, 393 (2010).Google Scholar
Withers, P.J. and Bhadeshia, H.K.D.H.: Residual stress. Part 2 – Nature and origins. Mater. Sci. Technol. 17, 366 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Novelo-Peralta, O., Gonzales, G., and Lara-Rodriguez, G.A.: Characterization of precipitation in Al-Mg-Cu alloys by x-ray diffraction peak broadening analysis. Mater. Charact. 59, 773 (2008).Google Scholar
Wang, L., Felicelli, S.D., and Pratt, P.: Residual stresses in LENS-deposited AISI 410 stainless steel plates. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 496, 234 (2008).Google Scholar