Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-wq484 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T13:38:19.864Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

An acoustic study of trans-vocalic ejective pairs in Cochabamba Quechua

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 July 2014

Gillian Gallagher
Affiliation:
New York University, ggillian@nyu.edu
James Whang
Affiliation:
New York University, james.whang@nyu.edu

Abstract

Cochabamba Quechua disallows pairs of ejectives within roots (*[kit’ɑ]), but this structure may arise across word boundaries, e.g. [miskit’ɑntɑ] ‘good bread’. This paper presents an acoustic study of these phonotactically legal, trans-vocalic ejective pairs that occur at word boundaries. It is found that Cochabamba Quechua speakers de-ejectivize one of the two ejectives in such phrases a significant portion of the time, and that, in correct productions with two ejectives, the period between the two ejectives is lengthened by increasing the duration of the vowel and the closure duration of the second ejective.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International Phonetic Association 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adelaar, William with Muysken, Pieter. 2004. The languages of the Andes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bates, Doug & Maechler, Martin. 2010. lme4: Linear mixed effects models using S4 classes. http://CRAN.Rproject.org/package=lme4.Google Scholar
Bills, Garland, Troike, Rudolph C. & Vallejo, Bernardo. 1971. An introduction to spoken Bolivian Quechua. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Boersma, Paul & Weenink, David. 2012. PRAAT: Doing phonetics by computer. Version 5.1.30. www.praat.org.Google Scholar
Browman, Catherine & Goldstein, Louis. 1986. Towards an articulatory phonology. Phonology Yearbook 3, 219252.Google Scholar
Browman, Catherine & Goldstein, Louis. 1992. Articulatory phonology: An overview. Phonetica 49, 155180.Google Scholar
Byrd, Dani. 1998. Intergestural coordination adjacent to multiple boundaries. 16th International Congress of Acoustics and the 135th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, 1255–1256.Google Scholar
Byrd, Dani, Kaun, Abigail, Narayanan, Shrikanth & Saltzman, Elliot. 2000. Phrasal signatures in articulation. In Broe, Michael B. & Pierrehumbert, Janet B. (eds.), Papers in Laboratory Phonology V: Language acquisition and the lexicon, 7087. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Catford, J. C. 2001. A practical introduction to phonetics, 2nd edn. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong. 2001. Effects of morpheme boundaries on inter-gestural timing: Evidence from Korean. Phonetica 58, 129162.Google Scholar
Coetzee, Andries & Pater, Joe. 2008. Weighted constraints and gradient restrictions on place co-occurrence in Muna and Arabic. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 26, 289337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutler, Anne & Butterfield, Sally. 1990. Durational cues to word boundaries in clear speech. Speech Communication 9 (5–6), 485495.Google Scholar
Cutler, Anne & Butterfield, Sally. 1991. Word boundary cues in clear speech: A supplementary report. Speech Communication 10 (4), 335353.Google Scholar
Dryer, Matthew S. & Haspelmath, Martin (eds.). 2011. The world atlas of language structures online. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library. http://wals.info/.Google Scholar
Flemming, Edward, Ladefoged, Peter & Thomason, Sarah. 2008. Phonetic structures of Montana Salish. Journal of Phonetics 36, 465491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frisch, Stefan A., Pierrehumbert, Janet B. & Broe, Michael B.. 2004. Similarity avoidance and the OCP. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 22, 179228.Google Scholar
Gallagher, Gillian. 2010a. The perceptual basis of long-distance laryngeal restrictions. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Gallagher, Gillian. 2010b. Perceptual distinctness and long-distance laryngeal restrictions. Phonology 27, 435480.Google Scholar
Gallagher, Gillian. 2011. Auditory features in phonology – the case for [long VOT]. The Linguistic Review 28, 281313.Google Scholar
Gallagher, Gillian. 2012. Perceptual similarity in non-local laryngeal restrictions. In Gallagher, Gillian, Graff, Peter, Kawahara, Shigeto & Kenstowicz, Michael (eds.), Phonological similarity (NELS 40 Workshop), special issue of Lingua 122, 112124.Google Scholar
Gallagher, Gillian. 2013. Speaker awareness of non-local ejective phonotactics in Cochabamba Quechua. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 31 (4), 10671099.Google Scholar
Gelman, Andrew & Hill, Jennifer. 2006. Data analysis using regression and multilevel/hierarchical models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, John. 1976. Autosegmental phonology. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Gordon, Matthew & Applebaum, Alya. 2004. Phonetic structures of Turkish Kabardian. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36, 159186.Google Scholar
Greenberg, Joseph H. 1960. The patterning of root morphemes in Semitic. Word 6, 162181.Google Scholar
Hardcastle, William J. 1985. Some phonetic and syntactic constraints on lingual coarticulation during /kl/ sequences. Speech Communication 4, 247263.Google Scholar
Herbert, Robert K. 1977. Phonetic analysis in phonological description: Prenasalized consonants and Meinhof's Rule. Lingua 43, 339373.Google Scholar
Holst, Tara & Nolan, Francis. 1995. The influence of syntactic structure on [s] and [ʃ] assimilation. In Bruce Connell & Amalia Arvaniti (eds.), Papers in Laboratory Phonology IV: Phonology and phonetic evidence, 315333. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Itô, Junko & Mester, Armin. 2003. Japanese morphophonemics: Markedness and word structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Kawahara, Shigeto. 2008. Phonetic naturalness and unnaturalness in Japanese loanword phonology. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 17, 317330.Google Scholar
Kingston, John. 1985. The phonetics and phonology of the timing of oral and glottal events. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Ladefoged, Peter. 1993. A course in phonetics, 3rd edn. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College.Google Scholar
Ladefoged, Peter & Maddieson, Ian. 1996. The sounds of the world's languages. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Laime Ajacopa, Teofilo. 2007. Diccionario Bilingüe, Iskay Simipi Yuyayk’ancha: Quechua – Castellano Castellano – Quechua. La Paz, Bolivia.Google Scholar
Leben, William 1973. Suprasegmental phonology. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Lewis, M. Paul, Simons, Gary F. & Fennig, Charles D. (eds.). 2013. Ethnologue: Languages of the world, 17th edn. Dallas, TX: SIL International. www.ethnologue.com.Google Scholar
Lindau, Mona. 1984. Phonetic differences in glottalic consonants. Journal of Phonetics 12, 147155.Google Scholar
MacEachern, Margaret. 1999. Laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions. New York: Garland.Google Scholar
Maddieson, Ian. 2011. Glottalized consonants. In Dryer & Haspelmath (eds.), chapter 7. http://wals.info/chapter/7.Google Scholar
Martin, Andrew. 2011. Grammars leak: Modeling how phonotactic generalizations interact within the grammar. Language 87, 751770.Google Scholar
McCarthy, John. 1986. OCP effects: Gemination and anti-gemination. Linguistic Inquiry 17, 207263.Google Scholar
McCarthy, John. 1988. Feature geometry and dependency: A review. Phonetica 43, 84108.Google Scholar
Meinhof, Carl. 1932. Introduction to the phonology of the Bantu languages. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer/Ernst Vohsen.Google Scholar
Mester, Armin & Itô, Junko. 1986. The phonology of voicing in Japanese. Linguistic Inquiry 17, 4973.Google Scholar
Ohala, John J. 1981. The listener as a source of sound change. In Masek, Carrie S., Hendrick, Roberta A. & Miller, Mary F. (eds.), Papers from the Parasession on Language and Behavior, 178203. Chicago, IL: Chicago Linguistics Society.Google Scholar
Ohala, John J. 1993. The phonetics of sound change. In Jones, Charles (ed.), Historical linguistics: Problems and perspectives, 237278. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Parker, Steve. 2007. Un análisis acústico del quechua del Cusco. GiaLens 1.3, 112.Google Scholar
Parker, Steve & Weber, David. 1996. Glottalized and aspirated stops in Cuzco Quechua. International Journal of American Linguistics 62, 7085.Google Scholar
Perkell, Joseph S., Zandipour, Majid, Matthies, Melanie L. & Lane, Harlan. 2002. Economy of effort in different speaking conditions, I: A preliminary study of intersubject differences and modeling issues. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 112 (4), 16271641.Google Scholar
Rose, Sharon & King, Lisa. 2007. Speech error elicitation and co-occurrence restrictions in two Ethiopian Semitic languages. Language and Speech 50, 451504.Google Scholar
Shatzman, Keren B. & McQueen, James M.. 2006. Segment duration as a cue to word boundaries in spoken-word recognition. Perception and Psychophysics 68 (1), 116.Google Scholar
Shosted, Ryan & Rose, Sharon. 2011. Affricating ejective fricatives: The case of Tigrinya. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 41, 4165.Google Scholar
van den Berg, Rene & Sidu, Ode. 1996. Muna–English dictionary. Leiden: KITLV Press.Google Scholar
Vicenik, Chad. 2010. An acoustic study of Georgian stop consonants. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40, 5992.Google Scholar
Walter, Mary Ann. 2007. Repetition avoidance in human language. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Wightman, Colin W., Shattuck-Hufnagel, Stephanie, Ostendorf, Mari & Price, Patti J.. 1992. Segmental durations in the vicinity of prosodic phrase boundaries. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91 (3), 17071717.Google Scholar
Wright, Richard, Hargus, Sharon & Davis, Katharine. 2002. On the categorization of ejectives: Data from Witsuwit’en. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 32, 4377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar