Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T15:47:22.477Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Inferring a shape grammar: Translating designer's knowledge

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2014

Sara Eloy  and
José Pinto Duarte
Sara Eloy*
Affiliation:
Instituto Universitário de Lisboa/Associação para o Desenvolvimento das Telecomunicações e Técnicas de Informática, Lisbon, Portugal
José Pinto Duarte
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigação em Arquitectura, Urbanismo e design, Faculdade de Arquitetura, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
*
Reprint requests to: Sara Eloy, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal. E-mail: sara.eloy@iscte.pt
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article focuses on a shape grammar, the rabo-de-bacalhau housing style, that was developed to enable the adaptation of existing houses to new requirements and most particular on the process of inference of the grammar. In the article we describe the process undertaken to develop the grammar and what the achievements of the transformation grammar are regarding the possibilities of a mass customization of a dwelling's rehabilitation work. The goal of this article is to describe and discuss how the designer's knowledge was encoded into shape rules. The process used to extract the architect's knowledge and to incorporate it into the transformation grammar enable us to abstract the designer's actions and to define a sequence of actions that can define a possible strategy of design. The proposed design methodology generates dwelling layouts that are legal because they follow the grammar language and adequate because they meet the a priori user and design requirements.

Keywords

InferenceParametricRehabilitationRulesShape GrammarTransformation Grammar
Type
Special Issue Articles
Information
AI EDAM , Volume 28 , Issue 2: Design Computing and Cognition (DCC'12) , May 2014 , pp. 153 - 168
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Çagdas, G. (1996). A shape grammar: the language of traditional Turkish houses. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 23(5), 443–464.Google Scholar
Campbell, M.I. (2010). The official GraphSynth Site. University of Texas at Austin. Accessed December 2012 at http://www.graphsynth.comGoogle Scholar
Caria, H. (Coord.) (2004). Habitação e Mercado Imobiliário na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa. Lisboa: CML, Pelouro de Licenciamento Urbanístico e Planeamento Urbano.Google Scholar
Chase, S. (2010). Shape grammar implementations: the last 36 years. (Shape grammar implementation: from theory to useable software). Proc. Design Computing and Cognition Workshop, Stuttgart, July 11, 2010.Google Scholar
Çolakoğlu, B., & Keskin, G. (2010). Form generator: a CAD tool for conceptual design development. FUTURE CITIES, 28th eCAADe Conf. Proc., pp. 411–417, ETH Zurich, September 15–18.Google Scholar
Colakoglu, M.B. (2005). Design by grammar: an interpretation and generation of vernacular hayat houses in contemporary context. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 32(1), 141–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duarte, J.P. (2001). Customizing Mass Housing: A Discursive Grammar for Sizás Malagueira houses. PhD Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Duarte, J.P., & Beirão, J. (2011). Towards a methodology for flexible urban design: designing with urban patterns and shape grammars. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 38(5), 879–902.Google Scholar
Eloy, S. (2012). A transformation grammar-based methodology for housing rehabilitation: meeting contemporary functional and ICT requirements. PhD Thesis. IST, TU Lisbon.Google Scholar
Eloy, S., & Duarte, J.P. (2012 a). A transformation grammar-based methodology for housing rehabilitation. Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Design Computing and Cognition, College Station, TX, June 7–9.Google Scholar
Eloy, S., & Duarte, J.P. (2012 b). Transformation grammar for housing rehabilitation: from a specific to a general grammar. Digital Physicality, Proc. 30th eCAADe Conf. (Achten, H., Pavlicek, J., Jaroslav, H., & Matejdan, D., Eds.), Vol. 1, pp. 471–478. Prague: Czech Technical University.Google Scholar
Ertelt, C., & Shea, K. (2009). An application of shape grammars to planning for CNC machining. Proc. ASME 2009 Int. Design Engineering Technical Conf. Computers and Information in Engineering Conf. IDETC/CIE, San Diego, CA.Google Scholar
Flemming, U. (1987). More than the sum of its parts: the grammar of Queen Anne houses. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 14(3), 323–350.Google Scholar
Jowers, I. (2006). Computation with curved shapes: Towards freeform shape generation in design. PhD thesis. Open University.Google Scholar
Knight, T.W. (1983). Transformations of languages of designs. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 10(2), 125–177.Google Scholar
Knight, T.W. (1989). Transformations of De Stijl art: the paintings of Georges Vantongerloo and Fritz Glarner. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 16(1), 51–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knight, T.W. (1994). Transformations in Design: A Formal Approach to Stylistic Change and Innovation in the Visual Arts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Knight, T.W. (2000). Shape grammars in education and practice: history and prospects. Available at http://web.mit.edu/tknight/www/IJDC/Google Scholar
Koning, H., & Eizenberg, J. (1981). The language of the prairie: Frank Lloyd Wright's prairie houses. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 8(3), 295–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krishnamurti, R. (2010). Bridging parametic shape and parametric design. NSF Int. Workshop Studying Visual and Spatial Reasoning for Design Creativity SDC'10, Aix-en-Provence.Google Scholar
Li, A.I.-Kang. (1998). A 12th century Chinese building manual: descriptions and a shape grammar. Thresholds 17, 25–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, A.I.-Kang. (1999). Expressing parametric dependence in shape grammars, with an example from traditional Chinese architecture. Proc. 4th Conf. Association of Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, pp. 265–274, Shanghai.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, A.I.-Kang (2001). Teaching style grammatically, with an example from traditional Chinese architecture. Proc. Mathematics & Design 2001 3rd Int. Conf., pp. 270–277.Google Scholar
Li, A.I.-Kang. (2002). A prototype interactive simulated shape grammar. Design e-ducation: connecting the real and the virtual. Proc. 20th Conf. Education in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (Koszewski, K., & Wron, S., Eds.), pp. 314–317.Google Scholar
Li, A.I.-Kang, Chau, H.H., Chen, L., & Wang, Y. (2009). A prototype system for developing two- and three-dimensional shape grammars. Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, pp. 717–726, Yunlin, Taiwan.Google Scholar
Mccormack, J.P., & Cagan, J. (2006). Parametric shape grammar interpreter. Accessed at http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7050051.htmlGoogle Scholar
Pedro, J.B. (2000). Definição e avaliação da qualidade arquitectónica residencial. PhD Thesis. Lisboa: Ed. Faculdade de Arquitectur, da Universidade do Porto.Google Scholar
Schon, D. (1992). Designing as reflective conversation with the materials of a design situation. Research in Engineering Design 3(3), 131–147.Google Scholar
Stiny, G. (1976). Two exercises in formal composition. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 3(2), 187–210.Google Scholar
Stiny, G. (1980 a). Introduction to shape and shape grammars. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 7(3), 343–351.Google Scholar
Stiny, G. (1980 b). Kindergarten grammars: designing with Froebel's building gifts. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 7(4), 409–462.Google Scholar
Stiny, G. (1993). Emergence and continuity in shape grammars. CAAD Futures ’93, Conf. Proc., pp. 37–54, Pittsburgh, PA.Google Scholar
Stiny, G., & Gips, J. (1972). Shape grammars and the generative specification of painting and sculpture. In Information Processing (Freiman, C.V., Ed.), pp. 1460–1465. Amsterdam: North Holland.Google Scholar
Stiny, G., & Mitchell, W.J. (1978). The Palladian grammar. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 5(1), 5–18.Google Scholar
Tapia, M.A. (1999). A visual implementation of a shape grammar system. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 26(1), 59–73.Google Scholar
Tuncer, B., & Sener, S. (2010). Generation of a new urban block for the future city: a bottom-up approach for the future city block. In Future Cities, 28th eCAADe Conf. Proc., pp. 179–185, ETH Zurich, September 15–18.Google Scholar
Turkienicz, B., Gonçalves, B.B., & Grazziotin, P. (2008). CityZoom: a visualization tool for the assessment of planning regulations. International Journal of Architectural Computing 6(1), 79–95.Google Scholar
Trescak, T. (2009). Shape grammar interpreter. Accessed at http://sourceforge.net/projects/sginterpreterGoogle Scholar
Trescak, T., Esteva, M., & Rodriguez, I. (2009). General shape grammar interpreter for intelligent designs generations. Proc. Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, CGIV ’09 (Werner, B. Ed.), Vol. 6, pp. 235–240.Google Scholar