Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-8mjnm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T02:10:31.769Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Soya isoflavone-enriched cereal bars affect markers of endothelial function in postmenopausal women

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

J. Hallund*
Affiliation:
Department of Human NutritionCentre for Advanced Food StudiesThe Royal Veterinary and Agricultural UniversityFrederiksbergDenmark
S. Bügel
Affiliation:
Department of Human NutritionCentre for Advanced Food StudiesThe Royal Veterinary and Agricultural UniversityFrederiksbergDenmark
T. Tholstrup
Affiliation:
Department of Human NutritionCentre for Advanced Food StudiesThe Royal Veterinary and Agricultural UniversityFrederiksbergDenmark
M. Ferrari
Affiliation:
Human Nutrition UnitNational Institute for Research on Food and NutritionRomeItaly
D. Talbot
Affiliation:
Unilever R&DColworthSharnbrookBedfordshireUK
W. L. Hall
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionSchool of Food BiosciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
M. Reimann
Affiliation:
Dietary Fibre and the Metabolic Syndrome GroupGerman Institute of Human NutritionPotsdam-RehbrueckeNuthetalGermany
C.M. Williams
Affiliation:
Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human NutritionSchool of Food BiosciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
N. Wiinberg
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear MedicineFrederiksberg University HospitalFrederiksbergDenmark
*
*Corresponding author: Dr J. Hallund, fax +45 35282483, email jeha@kvl.dk
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Soya isoflavones are thought to be cardioprotective due to their structural similarity to oestrogen. In order to investigate the effect of soya isoflavones on markers of endothelial function we conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study with thirty healthy postmenopausal women. The women consumed cereal bars, with or without soya isoflavones (50mg/d), for 8 weeks, separated by an 8-week washout period. Systemic arterial complince (SAC), isobaric arterial compliance (IAC), flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation (FMD) and nitroglycerine-mediated endothelium-independent vasodilation (NMD) were measured at the beginning of the study and after each intervention period. Blood pressure (BP) and plasma concentrations of nitrite and nitrate (NOx) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured at the beginning and end of each intervention period.NMD was 13·4 (sem 2·0) % at baseline and 15·5 (sem 1·1) % after isoflavone treatment compared with 12·4 (sem 1·0) % after placebo treatment (P=0·03). NOx increased from 27·7 (sem 2·7) to 31·1 (sem 3·2) μm after isoflavones treatment compared with 25·4 (sem 1·5) to 20·4 (sem 1·1) μm after placebo treatment (P=0·003) and a significant increase in the NOx:ET-1 ratio (P=0·005) was observed after the isoflavone treatment compared with placebo. A significant difference in SAC after the isoflavone and placebo treatment was observed (P=0·04). No significant difference was found in FMD, IAC, BP and ET-1. In conclusion, 8 weeks' consumption of cereals bars enriched with 50mg soya isoflavones/d increased plasma NOx concentrations and improved endothelium-independent vasodilation in healthy postmenopausal women.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2006

References

Celermajer, DS, Sorensen, KE, Spiegelhalter, DJ, Georgakopoulos, D, Robinson, J & Deanfield, JEAging is associated with endothelial dysfunction in healthy men years before the age-related decline in women. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994 24 471476CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corretti et al. 2002Google Scholar
de Pascual-Teresa, S, Hallund, J, Talbot, D, Schroot, J, Williams, CM, Bugel, S & Cassidy, AAbsorption of isoflavones in humans: effects of food matrix and processing. J Nutr Biochem 2005 17 257264CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faber, J, Wiinberg, N, Schifter, S & Mehlsen, JHaemodynamic changes following treatment of subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol 2001 145 391396CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Figtree, GA, Griffiths, H, Lu, YQ, Webb, CM, MacLeod, K & Collins, PPlant-derived estrogens relax coronary arteries in vitro by a calcium antagonistic mechanism. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000 35 19771985CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, WL, Vafeiadou, K, Hallund, Jet al.. Soy isoflavone enriched foods and inflammatory biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women: interactions with genotype and equol production. Am J Clin Nutr 2005 82 12601268CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jensen, J, Nilas, L & Christiansen, CInfluence of menopause on serum-lipids and lipoproteins. Maturitas 1990 12 321331CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kreijkamp-Kaspers, S, Kok, L, Bots, ML, Grobbee, DE, Lampe, JW & van der Schouw, YTRandomized controlled trial of the effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on vascular function in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2005 81 189195CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuiper, GG, Carlsson, B, Grandien, K, Enmark, E, Haggblad, J, Nilsson, S & Gustafsson, JAComparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Endocrinology 1997 138 863870CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lauer, T, Preik, M, Rassaf, T, Strauer, BE, Deussen, A, Feelisch, M & Kelm, MPlasma nitrite rather than nitrate reflects regional endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity but lacks intrinsic vasodilator action. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001 98 1281412819CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lissin, LW, Oka, R, Lakshmi, S & Cooke, JPIsoflavones improve vascular reactivity in post-menopausal women with hypercholesterolemia. Vasc Med 2004 9 2630CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, D, Homan, LL & Dillon, JSGenistein acutely stimulates nitric oxide synthesis in vascular endothelial cells by a cyclic adenosine 5′-monophosphate-dependent mechanism. Endocrinology 2004 145 55325539CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lundberg, JO & Weitzberg, ENO generation from nitrite and its role in vascular control. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005 25 915922CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mazhbich, BINoninvasive determination of elastic properties and diameter of human limb arteries. Pflugers Arch 1983 396 254259CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mehlsen, J, Bonde, J, Stadeager, C, Rehling, M, Tango, M & Trap-Jensen, JReliability of impedance cardiography in measuring central haemodynamics. Clin Physiol 1991 11 579588CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nestel, PJ, Pomeroy, S, Kay, S, Komesaroff, P, Behrsing, J, Cameron, JD & West, LIsoflavones from red clover improve systemic arterial compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 84 895898Google Scholar
Nestel, PJ, Yamashita, T, Sasahara, T, Pomeroy, S, Dart, A, Komesaroff, P, Owen, A & Abbey, MSoy isoflavones improve systemic arterial compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal and perimenopausal women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997 17 33923398CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikander, E, Metsa-Heikkila, M, Tiitinen, A & Ylikorkala, OEvidence of a lack of effect of a phytoestrogen regimen on the levels of C-reactive protein, E-selectin, and nitrate in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003 88 51805185CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rowland, IR, Wiseman, H, Sanders, TA, Adlercreutz, H & Bowey, EAInterindividual variation in metabolism of soy isoflavones and lignans: influence of habitual diet on equol production by the gut microflora. Nutr Cancer 2000 36 2732CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Senn, SCross-over Trials in Clinical Research. 2nd ed Chichester, UKJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd 2002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simons, LA, von Konigsmark, M, Simons, J & Celermajer, DSPhytoestrogens do not influence lipoprotein levels or endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol 2000 85 12971301CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sorensen, KE, Celermajer, DS, Spiegelhalter, DJ, Georgakopoulos, D, Robinson, J, Thomas, O & Deanfield, JENon-invasive measurement of human endothelium dependent arterial responses:accuracy and reproducibility. Br Heart J 1995 74 247253CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Squadrito, F, Altavilla, D, Morabito, Net al.. The effect of the phytoestrogen genistein on plasma nitric oxide concentrations, endothelin-1 levels and endothelium dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women. Atherosclerosis 2002 163 339347CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Squadrito, F, Altavilla, D, Crisafulli, Aet al. Effect of genistein on endothelial function in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Am J Med 2003 114 470476CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tannenbaum, SRNitrate and nitrite: origin in humans. Science 1979 205 13341337 1332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teede, HJ, McGrath, BP, DeSilva, L, Cehun, M, Fassoulakis, A & Nestel, PJIsoflavones reduce arterial stiffness: a placebo-controlled study in men and postmenopausal women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003 23 10661071CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torregrosa, G, Burguete, MC, Perez-Asensio, FJ, Salom, JB, Gil, JV & Alborch, EPharmacological profile of phytoestrogens in cerebral vessels: in vitro study with rabbit basilar artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2003 482 227234CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van der Schouw, YT, Pijpe, A, Lebrun, CE, Bots, ML, Peeters, PH, vanStaveren, WA, Lamberts, SW & Grobbee, DEHigher usual dietary intake of phytoestrogens is associated with lower aortic stiffness in postmenopausal women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002 22 13161322CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verdon, CP, Burton, BA & Prior, RLSample pretreatment with nitrate reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase quantitatively reduces nitrate while avoiding interference by NADP + when the Griess reaction is used to assay for nitrite. Anal Biochem 1995 224 502508CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waddell, TK, Dart, AM, Gatzka, CD, Cameron, JD & Kingwell, BAWomen exhibit a greater age-related increase in proximal aortic stiffness than men. J Hypertens 2001 19 22052212CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, HA, Dean, TS, Sanders, TA, Jackson, G, Ritter, JM & Chowienczyk, PJThe phytoestrogen genistein produces acute nitric oxide-dependent dilation of human forearm vasculature with similar potency to 17beta-estradiol. Circulation 2001 103 258262CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Witteman, JC, Grobbee, DE, Kok, FJ, Hofman, A & Valkenburg, HAIncreased risk of atherosclerosis in women after the menopause. BMJ 1989 298 642644CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed