Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-xxrs7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-26T16:42:34.371Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bone remodelling is not affected by consumption of a sodium-rich carbonated mineral water in healthy postmenopausal women

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Stefanie Schoppen*
Affiliation:
Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frío, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, 28040-Madrid, Spain
Ana M. Pérez-Granados
Affiliation:
Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frío, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, 28040-Madrid, Spain
Ángeles Carbajal
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madrid Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
Concepción de la Piedra
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Bone Pathophysiology, Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
M. Pilar Vaquero
Affiliation:
Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frío, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais 10, 28040-Madrid, Spain
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Stefanie Schoppen, fax +34 915493627, email, sschoppen@if.csic.es, mpvaquero@if.csic.es
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This study was designed to investigate the possible effects of consuming Na-rich carbonated mineral water on bone remodelling and urinary mineral excretion in postmenopausal women. Women (n 18) included were amenorrhoeic (>1 year), healthy and not obese (BMI <30 kg/m2). No woman was taking oestrogen replacement therapy, mineral and vitamin supplements, phyto-oestrogens or medications known to affect bone and lipid metabolism. In two consecutive interventions that lasted 8 weeks each, women drank 1 litre of control mineral water daily and 1 litre of carbonated mineral water, rich in Na, HCO3 inf super and Cl, daily. Body weight and height were measured, BMI was calculated and blood pressure was measured. Blood samples were taken from fasting subjects and serum obtained to analyse the biochemical bone markers, procollagen I amino-terminal propeptide (PINP) and β-carboxy-terminal telopeptide of collagen (β-CTX). At the end of each period, 24 h urine samples were collected to determine Ca, Mg, P, Na+, K+, Cl, urine excretion and urinary pH. No changes in body weight, BMI or blood pressure were observed during the experimental period. Ca excretion was lower after the intake of carbonated water than after intake of the control water (P=0·037) while P excretion was higher (P=0·015). Total urine, Na and Cl excretion did not differ between the two periods but urinary pH was increased after the intake of carbonated mineral water. PINP and β-CTX did not differ between the two periods. Daily consumption of 1 litre of Na-rich carbonated mineral water for 8 weeks does not affect bone remodelling in healthy postmenopausal women.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2005

References

Abbott, M (1997) Portion Photos of Popular Foods Stout, WI The American Dietetic Association and Centre for Nutrition Education, University of Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Alaimo, K, McDowell, MA, Briefel, RR, Bischof, AM, Caughman, CR, Loria, CM & Johnson, CL (1994) Dietary intakes of vitamins, minerals and fiber of persons ages 20 months and over in the United States: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Phase 1, 1988–91. Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistic, no. 258 Hyattsville, MD National Center for Health Statistics.Google Scholar
Alvarez, L, Ricos, C, Peris, P, GuaNabens, N, Monegal, A, Pons, F & Ballesta, AM (2000) Components of biological variation of biochemical markers of bone turnover in Paget's bone disease. Bone 26, 571576.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aptel, I, Cance-Rouzaud, A & Grandjean, H (1999) Association between calcium ingested from drinking water and femoral bone density in elderly women: evidence from the EPIDOS cohort. J Bone Miner Res 14, 829833.Google Scholar
Aranceta, J, Serra-Majem, L (2001) Estructura general de las guías alimentarias para la población española. Decálogo para una dieta saludable. (General structure of the Spanish population food guides. A decalogue for a healthy diet). In Guías Alimentarias para la Población Española, pp. 183194, Sociedad Española, de, Nutrición Comunitaria, editors.] Madrid: IM&C.Google Scholar
Barzel, US & Massey, LK (1998) Excess dietary protein can adversely affect bone. J Nutr 128, 10511053.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Böhmer, H, Müller, H & Resch, KL (2000) Calcium supplementation with calcium rich mineral waters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its bioavailability. Osteoporos Int 11, 938943.Google ScholarPubMed
Buclin, T, Cosma, M, Appenzeller, M, Jacquet, AF, Decosterd, LA, Biollaz, J & Burckhardt, P (2001) Diet acids and alkalis influence calcium retention in bone. Osteoporos Int 12, 439499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bushinsky, DA (2001) Acid–base imbalance and the skeleton. Eur J Nutr 40, 238244.Google Scholar
Carbajal, A & Ortega, RM (2001) La dieta mediterránea como modelo de dieta prudente y saludable (The Mediterranean diet as model for a prudent and healthy diet). Rev Chil Nutr 28, 224236.Google Scholar
Cepollaro, C, Orlandi, G, Gonnelli, S, Ferrucci, G, Arditti, JC, Borracelli, D, Toti, E & Gennari, C (1996) Effect of calcium supplementation as a high-calcium mineral water on bone loss in early postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 59, 238239.Google Scholar
De Groot, CPGM, van Staveren, WA, Dirren, H & Hautvast, JGAJ (1996) Summary and conclusions of the report on the second data collection period and longitudinal analyses of the SENECA study. Eur J Clin Nutr 50, S123S124.Google Scholar
De la, Piedra, C, Traba, ML, Domínguez, C, Sosa M (1997) New biological markers of bone resorption in the study of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Clin Chim Acta 265, 225234.Google Scholar
Department of HealthDepartment of Health (1991) Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report on Health and Social Subjects, no. 41 London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Devine, A, Criddle, AR, Dick, IM, Kerr, DA & Prince, RL (1995) A longitudinal study of the effect of sodium and calcium intakes on regional bone density in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 62, 740745.Google Scholar
Díaz, Curiel, M, Carrasco, de la, Peña, JL, Honorato, Pérez, J, Pérez, Cano, R, Rapado, A, Ruiz, Martínez, I (1997) Study of bone mineral density in lumbar spine and femoral neck in a Spanish population. Osteoporosis Int 7, 5964.Google Scholar
Domínguez, C, Sosa, M, Traba, ML, Alvarez, E, de la, Piedra C (1998) Biochemical markers of bone formation in the study of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 8, 147151.Google Scholar
Evans, CE, Chughtai, AY, Blumsohn, A, Gils, M & Eastell, R (1997) The effect of dietary sodium on calcium metabolism in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Eur J Clin Nutr 51, 394399.Google Scholar
Food and, Agriculture Organization/World, Health Organization/United & Nations University (1985) Energy and Protein Requirements. Technical Report SeriesGeneva:WHO.Google Scholar
Fledelius, C, Johnsen, AH, Cloos, PA, Bonde, M & Qvist, P (1997) Characterization of urinary degradation products derived from type I collagen. Identification of a β-isomerized Asp–Gly sequence within the C-terminal telopeptide (α1) region. J Biol Chem 272, 97559763.Google Scholar
Frasetto, L, Morris, RC, Jr, Sellmeyer, DE Todd, K & Sebastian, A (2001) Diet, evolution and aging – the pathophysiologic effects of the post agricultural inversion of the potassium-to-sodium and base-to-chloride ratios in the human diet. Eur J Nutr 40, 200213.Google Scholar
Garnero, P, Borel, O & Delmas, PD (2001) Evaluation of a fully automated serum assay for C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen in osteoporosis. Clin Chem 47, 694702.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ginty, F, Flynn, A & Cashman, KD (1998) The effect of dietary sodium intake on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in young women. Br J Nutr 79, 343350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goulding, A (1990) Osteoporosis: why consuming less sodium chloride helps to conserve bone. N Z Med J 103, 120122.Google ScholarPubMed
Guillemant, J, Le HT, Accarie, C, du, Montcel, ST, Delabroise, AM, Arnaud, MJ & Guillemant, S (2000) Mineral water as a source of dietary calcium: acute effects on parathyroid function and bone resorption in young men. Am J Clin Nutr 71, 9991002.Google Scholar
Institute of MedicineInstitute of Medicine (1997) Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride 175 Washington, DC National Academic Press.Google Scholar
Kessler, T & Hesse, A (2000) Cross-over study of the influence of bicarbonate-rich mineral water on urinary composition in comparison with sodium potassium citrate in healthy male subjects. Br J Nutr 84, 865871.Google Scholar
Lemann, J, Jr, Pluess, J, Gray, RW, Hoffmann RG (1991) Potassium administration reduces and potassium deprivation increases urinary calcium excretion in healthy adults. Kidney Int 39, 973983.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, PH, Ginty, F, Appel, LJ, Aickin, M, Bohannon, A, Garnero, P, Barclay, D & Svetkey, LP (2003) The DASH diet and sodium reduction improve markers of bone turnover and calcium metabolism in adults. J Nutr 133, 31303136.Google Scholar
Lina, BAR & Kuijpers, MHM (2004) Toxicity and carcinogenic or alkalogenic diets in rats; effects of feeding NH 4 Cl, KHCO 3 or KCl. Food Chem Toxicol 42, 135153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luft, FC, Zemel, MB, Sowers, JA, Fineberg, NS & Weinberger, MH (1990) Sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride: effects on blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis in normal and hypertensive man. J Hypertens 8, 663670.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDowell, MA, Briefel, RR, Alaimo, K, Bischof, AM, Caughman, CR, Carroll, MD, Loria, CM & Johnson, CL (1994) Energy and macronutrient intakes of persons aged 20 months and over in the United States: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), Phase 1, 1988-91 Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics no. 255 Hyattsville, MD National Center for Health Statistics.Google Scholar
McFarlane, SI, Muniyappa, R, Shin, JJ, Bahtiyar, G & Sowers, JR (2004) Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease: brittle bones and boned arteries, is there a link?. Endocrine 23, 110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masse, PG, Dosy, J, Tranchant, CC & Dallaire, R (2004) Dietary macro- and micronutrient intakes of nonsupplemented pre- and postmenopausal women with a perspective on menopause-associated diseases. J Hum Nutr Diet 17, 121132.Google Scholar
Massey, LK (2003) Dietary animal and plant protein and human bone health: a whole foods approach. J Nutr 133 862S – 865S.Google Scholar
Maurer, M, Riesen, W, Muser, J, Hulter, HN & Krapf, R (2003) Neutralisation of Western diet inhibits bone resorption independently of K intake and reduces cortisol secretion in humans. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 284, F32F40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Melkko, J, Kauppila, S, Niemi, S, Risteli, L, Haukipuro, K, Jukkola, A & Risteli, J (1996) Immunoassay for intact amino-terminal propeptide of human type I procollagen. Clin Chem 42, 947954.Google Scholar
Moreiras, O, Carbajal, A, Cabrera, L & Cuadrado, C (2001) Tablas de Composición de Alimentos (Food Composition Tables) Madrid Ediciones Pirámide, SA.Google Scholar
Neville, CE, Robson, PJ, Murray, LJ, Strain, JJ, Twisk, J, Gallagher, AM, McGuinness, M, Cran, GW, Ralston, SH & Boreham, CA (2002) The effect of nutrient intake on bone mineral status in young adults: The Northern Ireland Young Hearts Projects. Calcif Tissue Int 70, 8998.Google Scholar
New, S (2002) The role of the skeleton in acid–base homeostasis. Proc Nutr Soc 61, 151164.Google Scholar
Qi, L, Shen, H & Ordovas, JM (2003) Hearts and bones. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 13, 165174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schoppen, S, Pérez-Granados, AM, Sarría, B, Navas, S, Carbajal, A, Sanchez-Muniz, FJ & Vaquero, MP (2003) Influence of an alkaline mineral water on postprandial lipaemia in postmenopausal women. Proc Nutr Soc 62, 43.Google Scholar
Schoppen, S, Pérez-Granados, AM, Carbajal, A, Oubina, P, Sanchez-Muniz, FJ, Gomez-Gerique, JA & Vaquero, MP (2004) A sodium-rich carbonated mineral water reduces cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. J Nutr 134, 10581063.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schorr, U, Distler, A & Sharma, AM (1996) Effect of sodium chloride- and sodium bicarbonate-rich mineral water on blood pressure and metabolic parameters en elderly normotensive individuals: a randomised double-blind crossover trial. J Hypertens 14, 131135.Google Scholar
Schroll, K, Carbajal, A, Decarli, B, Martins, I, Grunenberger, F, Blauw, YH, de Groot, CP (1996) Food patterns of elderly Europeans. SENECA Investigators. Eur J Clin Nutr 50, S86S100.Google ScholarPubMed
Sebastian, A, Harris, ST, Ottaway, JH, Todd, KM & Morris, RC (1994) Improved mineral balance and skeletal metabolism in postmenopausal women treated with potassium bicarbonate. N Engl J Med 330, 17761781.Google Scholar
Seibel, MJ (2000) Molecular markers of bone turnover: biochemical, technical and analytical aspects. Osteoporos Int 11, S18S29.Google Scholar
Siener, R, Jahnen, A & Hesse, A (2004) Influence of a mineral water rich in calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate on urine composition and the risk of calcium oxalate crystallization. Eur J Clin Nutr 58, 270276.Google Scholar
Smit, E, Nieto, FJ, Crespo, CJ & Mitchell, P (1999) Estimates of animal and plant protein intake in US adults: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–91. J Am Diet Assoc 99, 813820.Google Scholar
Tilney, C, Torgerson, DJ, Al-Janabi, M & New, S (2003) Is salt an important risk factor for osteoporosis? A systematic review of the evidence. Proc Nutr Soc 62 57A.Google Scholar
Trichopoulou, A & Lagiou, P (1997) Healthy traditional Mediterranean diet: an expression of culture, history and lifestyle. Nutr Rev 55, 383389.Google Scholar
Tucker, KL, Hannan, MT, Chen, H, Cupples, LA, Wilson, PW & Kiel, DP (1999) Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 69, 727736.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Dokkum, W, de la, Gueronniere, V, Schaafsma, G, Bouley, C, Luten, J Latge, C (1996) Bioavailability of calcium of fresh cheeses, enteral food and mineral water. A study with stable calcium isotopes in young adult women. Br J Nutr 75, 893903.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaquero, MP, Pérez-Granados, AM & Schoppen, S (2001) Propiedades fisiológicos y nutricionales de las aguas minerales naturales carbónicas (Physiological and nutritional properties of carbonated natural mineral waters). Rev Nutr Práctica 5, 4352.Google Scholar
Willett, W (1998) Nutritional Epidemiology, 2nd ed New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
World Health OrganizationWorld Health Organization (1994) Assessment of Fracture Risk and Its Application to Screening for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Technical Report SeriesGeneva:WHO.Google Scholar