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The primacy of conscious decision making

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 January 2014

David R. Shanks  and
Ben R. Newell
David R. Shanks
Affiliation:
Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, United Kingdom. d.shanks@ucl.ac.ukhttp://www.ucl.ac.uk/psychlangsci/research/CPB/people/cpb-staff/d_shanks
Ben R. Newell
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia. ben.newell@unsw.edu.auhttp://www2.psy.unsw.edu.au/Users/BNewell/Index.html
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Abstract

The target article sought to question the common belief that our decisions are often biased by unconscious influences. While many commentators offer additional support for this perspective, others question our theoretical assumptions, empirical evaluations, and methodological criteria. We rebut in particular the starting assumption that all decision making is unconscious, and that the onus should be on researchers to prove conscious influences. Further evidence is evaluated in relation to the core topics we reviewed (multiple-cue judgment, deliberation without attention, and decisions under uncertainty), as well as priming effects. We reiterate a key conclusion from the target article, namely, that it now seems to be generally accepted that awareness should be operationally defined as reportable knowledge, and that such knowledge can only be evaluated by careful and thorough probing. We call for future research to pay heed to the different ways in which awareness can intervene in decision making (as identified in our lens model analysis) and to employ suitable methodology in the assessment of awareness, including the requirements that awareness assessment must be reliable, relevant, immediate, and sensitive.

Type
Authors' Response
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 37 , Issue 1 , February 2014 , pp. 45 - 61
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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