Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T03:51:25.043Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

HEALTH AND BODY MASS INDEX CHANGES AMONG ITALIAN CONSCRIPTS BORN IN 1951 AND 1980

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 January 2014

DONATELLA LANARI*
Affiliation:
Department of Economics, Finance and Statistics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy

Summary

This paper investigates changes in BMI in the second half of the twentieth century, focusing on two cohorts of Italian conscripts born in 1951 and 1980, and examines how the correlates of high and low BMI have changed over time. Data from conscript cohorts taken from the archives of Italian military districts show that younger conscripts exposed to the rising prevalence of immune-allergological and psychological diseases and metabolic dysfunctions underwent substantial increases in weight. These results are evidenced by quantile regression models, the largest BMI gains being found in diabetic conscripts at the 75th and 90th percentiles.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adami, H. O. & Trichopoulos, D. (2003) Obesity and mortality from cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine 348(17), 16231624.Google Scholar
Atella, V., Pace, N. & Vuri, D. (2008) Are employers discriminating with respect to weight? European evidence using quantile regression. Economics & Human Biology 6(3), 305329.Google Scholar
Auld, M. C. & Powell, L. M. (2009) Economics of food energy density and adolescent body weight. Economica 76(304), 719740.Google Scholar
Avellone, G., Di Garbo, V., Panno, A., Cordova, R., Abruzzese, G., Rotolo, G.et al. (1994) Cardiovascular risk factors and dietary habits in secondary school children in Southern Italy. International Angiology 13(2), 148153.Google Scholar
Bar Dayan, Y., Elishkevits, K., Grotto, I., Goldstein, L., Goldberg, A., Shvarts, S.et al. (2005) The prevalence of obesity and associated morbidity among 17-year-old Israeli conscripts. Public Health 119(5), 385389.Google Scholar
Barbagallo, C. M., Cavera, G., Sapienza, M., Noto, D., Cefalù, A. B., Polizzi, F.et al. (2002) Nutritional characteristics of a rural Southern Italy population: the Ventimiglia di Sicilia Project. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 21(6), 523529.Google Scholar
Bianchini, F., Kaaks, R. & Vainio, H. (2002) Overweight, obesity, and cancer risk. The Lancet Oncology 3(9), 565574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolton-Smith, C., Woodward, M., Tunstall-Pedoe, H. & Morrison, C. (2000) Accuracy of the estimated prevalence of obesity from self-reported height and weight in an adult Scottish population. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 54(2), 143148.Google Scholar
Brunello, G., Michaud, P. C. & Sanz-de-Galdeano, A. (2009) The rise of obesity in Europe: an economic perspective. Economic Policy 24(59), 551596.Google Scholar
Bruno, G., Maule, M., Merletti, F., Novelli, G., Falorni, A., Iannilli, A., Iughetti, L.et al. (2010) Age-period-cohort analysis of 1990–2003 incidence time trends of childhood diabetes in Italy: the RIDI study. Diabetes 59(9), 22812287.Google Scholar
Burkhauser, R. & Cawley, J. (2008) Beyond BMI: the value of more accurate measures of fatness and obesity in social science research. Journal of Health Economics 27(2), 519529.Google Scholar
Bussini, O., Lanari, D., Calzola, L. & Minelli, L. (2008) Caratteristiche demografiche, antropometriche e socio-sanitarie delle leve militari in Umbria da fine Ottocento a fine Novecento. In Corsini, C. A. (ed.) Statura, Salute e Migrazioni: le Leve Militari Italiane. SiDeS, Forum Udine, pp. 4775.Google Scholar
Calle, E. E., Rodriguez, C., Walker-Thurmond, K. & Thun, M. J. (2003) Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of US adults. New England Journal of Medicine 348, 16251638.Google Scholar
Calle, E. E., Thun, M. J., Petrelli, J. M., Rodriguez, C. & Heath, C. W. (1999) Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults. New England Journal of Medicine 341(15), 10971105.Google Scholar
Cámara, A. D. & Spijker, J. J. (2010) Super size Spain? A cross-sectional and quasi-cohort trend analysis of adult overweight and obesity in an accelerated transition country. Journal of Biosocial Science 42(3), 377393.Google Scholar
Costa-Font, J., Fabbri, D. & Gil, J. (2009) Decomposing body mass index gaps between Mediterranean countries: a counterfactual quantile regression analysis. Economics & Human Biology 7(3), 351365.Google Scholar
Flegal, K. M., Graubard, B. I., Williamson, D. F. & Gail, M. H. (2005) Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. Journal of the American Medical Association 293(15), 18611867.Google Scholar
Flegal, K. M., Graubard, B. I., Williamson, D. F. & Gail, M. H. (2007) Cause-specific excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. Journal of the American Medical Association 298(17), 20282037.Google Scholar
Gallus, S., Colombo, P., Scarpino, V., Zuccaro, P., Negri, E., Apolone, G. & La Vecchia, C. (2006) Overweight and obesity in Italian adults 2004, and an overview of trends since 1983. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60(10), 11741179.Google Scholar
Gallus, S., Odone, A., Lugo, A., Bosetti, C., Colombo, P., Zuccaro, P. & La Vecchia, C. (2013) Overweight and obesity prevalence and determinants in Italy: an update to 2010. European Journal of Nutrition 52(2), 677685.Google Scholar
Hedley, A. A., Ogden, C. L., Johnson, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R. & Flegal, K. M. (2004) Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999–2002. Journal of the American Medical Association 291(23), 28472850.Google Scholar
Heineck, G. (2006) Height and weight in Germany: evidence from the German Socio-Economic Panel, 2002. Economics & Human Biology 4(3), 359382.Google Scholar
Kenchaiah, S., Evans, J. C., Levy, D., Wilson, P. W., Benjamin, E. J., Larson, M. G.et al. (2002) Obesity and the risk of heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine 347(5), 305313.Google Scholar
Koenker, R. & Bassett, G. J. (1978) Regression quantiles. Econometrica 46(1), 3350.Google Scholar
Koenker, R. & D'Orey, V. (1987) Computing regression quantiles. Applied Statistics 36, 383393.Google Scholar
Komlos, J. & Baur, M. (2004) From the tallest to (one of) the fattest: the enigmatic fate of the American population in the 20th century. Economics & Human Biology 2(1), 5774.Google Scholar
Komlos, J. & Lauderdale, B. (2007) Spatial correlates of US heights and body mass indexes, 2002. Journal of Biosocial Science 39(1), 5978.Google Scholar
Kowalski, A. E. (2009) Censored Quantile Instrumental Variable Estimates of the Price Elasticity of Expenditure on Medical Care. National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. NBER Working Papers No. 15085. URL: http://www.nber.org/papers/w15085.Google Scholar
Kryst, L., Kowal, M., Woronkowicz, A., Sobiecky, J. & Cichocka, B. A. (2012) Secular changes in height, body weight, body mass index and pubertal development in male children and adolescent in Krakow, Poland. Journal of Biosocial Science 44(4), 495507.Google Scholar
Linares, C. & Su, D. (2005) Body mass index and health among Union Army veterans: 1891–1905. Economics & Human Biology 3(3), 367387.Google Scholar
McGee, D. L. (2005) Body mass index and mortality: a meta-analysis based on person-level data from twenty-six observational studies. Annals of Epidemiology 15(2), 8797.Google Scholar
Monheit, A., Vistnes, J. & Rogowski, J. (2009) Overweight in adolescents: implications for health expenditures. Economics & Human Biology 7(1), 5563.Google Scholar
Monteiro, C. A., Moura, E. C., Conde, W. L. & Popkin, B. M. (2004) Socioeconomic status and obesity in adult populations of developing countries: a review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 82(12), 940946.Google Scholar
Negri, E., Pagano, R., Decarli, A. & La Vecchia, C. (1988) Body weight and the prevalence of chronic diseases. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 42(1), 2429.Google Scholar
Onyike, C. U., Crum, R. M., Lee, H. B., Lyketsos, C. G. & Eaton, W. W. (2003) Is obesity associated with major depression? Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. American Journal of Epidemiology 158(12), 11391147.Google Scholar
Osmani, S. & Sen, A. (2003) The hidden penalties of gender inequality: fetal origins of ill-health. Economics and Human Biology 1(1), 105121.Google Scholar
Padez, C. (2006) Trends in overweight and obesity in Portuguese conscripts from 1986 to 2000 in relation to place of residence and educational level. Public Health 120(10), 946952.Google Scholar
Pagano, R., La Vecchia, C., Decarli, A., Negri, E. & Franceschi, S. (1997) Trends in overweight and obesity among Italian adults, 1983 through 1994. American Journal of Public Health 87(11), 18691870.Google Scholar
Peracchi, F. & Arcaleni, E. (2011) Early-life environment, height and BMI of young men in Italy. Economics & Human Biology 9(3), 251264.Google Scholar
Pieroni, L. & Salmasi, L. (2012) Smoking Habit Changes and Body Weight: Causal Estimates from the British Household Panel Survey. University Library of Munich, Germany MPRA Paper No. 43465. URL: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43465/.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, F., Johansson, M. & Hansen, H. O. (1999) Trends in overweight and obesity among 18-year-old males in Sweden between 1971 and 1995. Acta Paediatrica 88(4), 431437.Google Scholar
Sanna, E. (2002) Il secular trend in Italia. Antropo 3, 2349.Google Scholar
Sarlio-Lahteenkorva, S. & Lahelma, E. (1999) The association of body mass index with social and economic disadvantage in women and men. International Journal of Epidemiology 28, 445449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stam-Moraga, M. C., Kolanowski, J., Dramaix, M., De Backer, G. & Kornitzer, M. D. (1999) Sociodemographic and nutritional determinants of obesity in Belgium. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 23 (Supplement 1), 19.Google Scholar
Steckel, R. H. (1995) Stature and the standard of living. Journal of Economic Literature 33(4), 19031940.Google Scholar