Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T05:25:50.863Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Do Injury Characteristics Predict the Severity of Acute Neuropsychological Deficits Following Sports-Related Concussion? A Meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 December 2013

Brooke K. Dougan ,
Mark S. Horswill  and
Gina M. Geffen
Brooke K. Dougan*
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Mark S. Horswill
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Gina M. Geffen
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Brooke Dougan, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. E-mail: brooke.dougan@uqconnect.edu.au
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The utility of injury characteristics for predicting the severity of post-concussion outcomes remains equivocal. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify the predictive relationship between these variables to inform classification of acute injury severity. Thirty-one empirical samples of concussed athletes, for which rates of loss of consciousness and/or amnesia were reported, were included in a meta-analysis evaluating acute outcomes following sports-related concussion. Outcome measures of interest were neuropsychological tests first administered 1–10 days post-injury. Loss of consciousness and anterograde amnesia significantly predicted more severe neuropsychological deficits within 10 days of concussion in studies using pre-injury baseline, but not control group, comparisons. Retrograde amnesia significantly predicted acute neuropsychological dysfunction (d = -1.03) irrespective of comparison group. Although small sample sizes require conservative interpretation and future replication, the evidence suggests that retrograde amnesia, rather than loss of consciousness, may be used to classify the acute severity of concussion. (JINS, 2014, 20, 81–87)

Keywords

Traumatic brain injuryNeuropsychological assessmentPost-concussion symptomsLoss of consciousnessFootballSystematic review
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , January 2014 , pp. 81 - 87
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Quality Standards Subcommittee. (1997). Practice parameter. The management of concussion in sports (summary statement). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology, 48(3), 581–585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asplund, C.A., McKeag, D.B., Olsen, C.H. (2004). Sport-related concussion: Factors associated with prolonged return to play. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 14(6), 339–343.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belanger, H.G., Spiegel, E., Vanderploeg, R.D. (2010). Neuropsychological performance following a history of multiple self-reported concussions: A meta-analysis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(2), 262–267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belanger, H.G., Vanderploeg, R.D. (2005). The neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion: A meta-analysis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 11(4), 345–357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Binder, L.M., Rohling, M.L., Larrabee, G.J. (1997). A review of mild head trauma. Part I: Meta-analytic review of neuropsychological studies. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19(3), 421–431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broglio, S.P., Puetz, T.W. (2008). The effect of sport concussion on neurocognitive function, self-report symptoms and postural control: A meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 38(1), 53–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cantu, R.C. (2001). Posttraumatic (retrograde and anterograde) amnesia: Pathophysiology and implications in grading and safe return to play. Journal of Athletic Training, 36(3), 244–248.Google ScholarPubMed
Cantu, R.C. (2006a). Concussion classification: Ongoing controversy. In S. M. Slobounov & W. J. Sebastianelli (Eds.), Foundations of sport-related brain injuries. New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Cantu, R.C. (2006b). An overview of concussion consensus statements since 2000. Neurosurgical Focus, 21(4), E3–E8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, M.W., Iverson, G.L., Lovell, M.R., McKeag, D.B., Norwig, J., Maroon, J. (2003). On-field predictors of neuropsychological and symptom deficit following sports-related concussion. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 13(4), 222–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Comper, P., Hutchison, M., Magrys, S., Mainwaring, L., Richards, D. (2010). Evaluating the methodological quality of sports neuropsychology concussion research: A systematic review. Brain Injury, 24(11), 1257–1271. doi:10.3109/02699052.2010.506854 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dougan, B.K., Horswill, M.S., Geffen, G.M. (in press). Athletes' age, sex and years of education moderate the acute neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion: A meta-analysis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. doi:10.1017/S1355617712001464 Google Scholar
Guskiewicz, K.M. (2001). Concussion in sport: The grading-scale dilemma. Athletic Therapy Today, 6, 18–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guskiewicz, K.M., Weaver, N., Padua, D.A., Garrett, W.E. Jr. (2000). Epidemiology of concussion in collegiate and high school football players. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(5), 643–650.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hanlon, R.E., Demery, J.A., Martinovich, Z., Kelly, J.P. (1999). Effects of acute injury characteristics on neuropsychological status and vocational outcome following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 13(11), 873–887.Google ScholarPubMed
Iverson, G.L., Lovell, M.R., Smith, S.S. (2000). Does brief loss of consciousness affect cognitive functioning after mild head injury? Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 15(7), 643–648.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jennett, B., Bond, M.R. (1975). Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage: A practical scale. Lancet, 305(7905), 480–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leininger, B.E., Gramling, S.E., Farrell, A.D., Kreutzer, J.S., Peck, E.A. (1990). Neuropsychological deficits in symptomatic minor head injury patients after concussion and mild concussion. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 53, 293–296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lovell, M.R., Iverson, G.L., Collins, M.W., McKeag, D., Maroon, J.C. (1999). Does loss of consciousness predict neuropsychological decrements after concussion? Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 9(4), 193–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCrea, M., Hammeke, T., Olsen, G., Leo, P., Guskiewicz, K.M. (2004). Unreported concussion in high school football players: Implications for prevention. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 14(1), 13–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCrory, P.R., Meeuwisse, W.H., Aubry, M., Cantu, B., Dvorak, J., Echemendia, R.J., Turner, M. (2013). Consensus statement on concussion in sport: The fourth International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47, 250–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, W.R., Nathan, P.W. (1946). Traumatic Amnesia. Brain, 69(4), 280–300. doi:10.1093/brain/69.4.280 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Dougan et al. Supplementary Material

Supplementary Material

Download Dougan et al. Supplementary Material(File)
File 208.5 KB