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Sacral Suicides, Unpunishable Killings, Rites of Power

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2013

James McDougall*
Affiliation:
Trinity College, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.; e-mail: james.mcdougall@trinity.ox.ac.uk

Extract

Studies of violence relating to the Middle East have sometimes done more harm than they have explained. Like the intended effects of the U.S. military's doctrine of “rapid dominance,” compared by its proponents to “tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes . . . famine and disease,” violence in the Middle East would appear to be “incomprehensible,” though less to “the people at large” who are affected by it than to its prolific theoreticians. Over the past two decades, much of the literature on the region as a “cauldron of war”—generating five times its share (by population size) of total global conflict since the mid-20th century—has tended to update and propagate well-known mythologies of primitivism, authoritarian personalities, and ancient hatreds. The significance of such mythopoeia has been its capacity to realize, at least in part, the conditions of its own truthfulness by shaping perception and policy, framing and enabling the infliction of a new wave of warfare on the region. Much contemporary writing on post–Cold War global crisis, the geopolitics of instability, regional conflict, and the future of warfare has not only signally failed to understand the dynamics of the Middle East but has actively contributed to the spread of violence in the region.

Type
Roundtable
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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References

NOTES

1 Cf. Ullman, Harlanet al., Shock and Awe: Achieving Rapid Dominance (Washington, D.C.: National Defense University, 1996), 110Google Scholar.

2 Solingen, Etel, “Pax Asiatica versus Bella Levantina: The Foundations of War and Peace in East Asia and the Middle East,” American Political Science Review 101 (2007): 758CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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6 Ron, James, “Varying Methods of State Violence,” International Organization 51 (1997): 275300CrossRefGoogle Scholar; idem, Frontiers and Ghettos: State Violence in Serbia and Israel (Berkeley and Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California Press, 2003).

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8 See the publications of Thomas Elbert, Roland Weierstall et al., research group in clinical psychology at the University of Konstanz, http://www.psychologie.uni-konstanz.de/en/research/clinicalpsychology/projects/psychobiology-of-human-diposition-to-violate-and-murder/#c122160 (accessed 1 July 2013).

9 See esp. Virilio, Open Sky (London: Verso, 1997), Desert Screen: War at the Speed of Light (London: Continuum, 2002), and Ground Zero (London: Verso, 2002); Žižek, “Are We in a War? Do We Have an Enemy?,” London Review of Books 24, no. 10 (2002), and, more generally, his work on ideology; Agamben, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1998) and State of Exception (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005).

10 “Terrains minés en ethnologie,” special issue of Ethnologie française 31 (1st semester, 2001).

11 Johnson, Nels, Islam and the Politics of Meaning in Palestinian Nationalism (London: Kegan Paul, 1983)Google Scholar; Khalili, Laleh, Heroes and Martyrs of Palestine (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Devji, Faisal, Landscapes of the Jihad: Militancy, Morality, Modernity (London: Hurst, 2005)Google Scholar.

12 Agamben, Homo Sacer, part 2.

13 Contra Hannoum, Abdelmajid, Violent Modernity: France in Algeria (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2010)Google Scholar, for whom colonialism generated the violence of the 1990s.