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W and two-dimensional WO3/W nanocrystals produced by controlled self-sustaining reduction of sodium tungstate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 September 2013

Khachatur V. Manukyan ,
Albert A. Voskanyan ,
Sergei Rouvimov ,
Alexander S. Mukasyan  and
Suren L. Kharatyan
Khachatur V. Manukyan*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
Albert A. Voskanyan
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Kinetics of SHS Processes, Institute of Chemical Physics NAS of Armenia, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
Sergei Rouvimov
Affiliation:
Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility (NDIIF), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
Alexander S. Mukasyan
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556; and Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility (NDIIF), University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
Suren L. Kharatyan
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Kinetics of SHS Processes, Institute of Chemical Physics NAS of Armenia, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia; and Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: kmanukya@nd.edu
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Abstract

The influence of calcium fluoride (CaF2) on combustion characteristics of Na2WO4 + 3 Mg system and microstructure of the produced W and WO3/W crystals is investigated. The results of thermodynamic analysis and experimental investigations show that CaF2 simultaneously enhances the conversion of Na2WO4 toward tungsten and binds sodium through the formation of NaF phase. The examination of the microstructure of quenched combustion products and differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicate that at early stages of combustion, a part of Na2WO4 is reduced by Mg to tungsten, whereas another part reacts with CaF2 forming CaWO4 and NaF. Subsequent magnesium reduction of CaWO4 significantly increases the overall temperature of the combustion process. Such modification in reaction mechanism coupled with postcombustion processing (e.g., acid/basic treatment) of the product allows us to produce either pure tungsten nanocrystals or tungsten oxide—tungsten nanostructures consisting of two-dimensional WO3 nanoflakes assembled on a W core. It is found that CaF2 does not influence the sizes of tungsten nanocrystals. However, since the addition of CaF2 leads to the increase of overall reaction temperature, it facilitates the formation of W particles with equilibrium crystal shape by faceting process.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 28 , Issue 18 , 28 September 2013 , pp. 2611 - 2621
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2013 

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References

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