Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-xxrs7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T12:50:45.668Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Turkish Return Migration from Europe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2013

Esma Durugönül*
Affiliation:
Akdeniz University Faculty of Letters, Department of Sociology Campus, TR-07058 Antalya, Turkey. E-mail: durugonul@akdeniz.edu.tr

Abstract

Return migration has been one of the rather neglected aspects of migration until recently, although a considerable number of international migrants as well as inter-regional migrants return to their place of origin. Nevertheless, since the beginning of the 1990s, the interest for issues related to return migration has grown considerably. In the context of Turkish return migration there still is a lack of information about the motives for returning, the new social status, the levels of satisfaction and reintegration as well as the employment and income of emigrants who have returned home. This paper aims at shedding light on this neglected aspect of Turkish migration in the context of Europe as well as on the history of Turkey as a country of immigration.

Type
Focus: Turkey and Europe
Copyright
Copyright © Academia Europaea 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Currle, E. (2006) Theorieansätze zur Erklärung von Rückkehr und Remigration, Informationszentrum Sozialwissenschaften/Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge (ed.): Sozialwissenschaftlicher Fachinformationsdienst. Migration und ethnische Minderheiten, 2, pp. 723, p. 7.Google Scholar
2.Dustmann, C. and Weiss, Y. (2007) Return migration: theory and empirical evidence from the UK. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 45(2), pp. 236256, p. 238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Brecht, B. (1995) Analyse der Rückkehr von Gastarbeitern (Verlag für Wissenschaft und Forschung: Berlin), pp. 67.Google Scholar
4.Schmidt, C.M. (1994) Country of origin, family structure and return migration of Germany's guest-workers. Vierteljahreshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung, 63, pp. 119–125; S. Gundel and H. Peters (2008) Welche Immigranten kehren Deutschland den Rücken? Institut für Ökonomische Bildung (IÖB), Diskussionspapier 2/08, Eine Paneldatenuntersuchung für Deutschland. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/25574, p. 1.Google Scholar
5.Constant, A. and Massey, D.S. (2003) Self-selection, earnings, and outmigration: a longitudinal study of immigrants to Germany. Journal of Population Economics, 16(4), pp. 631653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Gundel, S. and Peters, H. (2008) What determines the duration of stay of immigrants in Germany? Evidence from a longitudinal duration analysis. SOEP papers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research, No. 79, DIW Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Bolzmann, C., Fibbi, R. and Vial, M. (2006) What to do after retirement? Elderly migrants and the question of return. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 32(8), p. 1373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.King, R. (2002) Towards a new map of European migration. International Journal of Population Geography, 8(2), 89106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Avcı, G. and Kirişçi, K. (2007) Turkey's immigration and emigration dilemmas at the gate of the European Union. In: S. Castles and R. Delgado Wise (eds), Migration and Development: Perspectives from the South (Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM)), pp. 230.Google Scholar
10.Vernant, J. (1953) The Refugee in the Post-war (London: George Allen and Unwin).Google Scholar
11.Kaiser, B. (2003) Life worlds of EU immigrants in Turkey. In: E. Zeybekoglu and B. Johansson (eds) Migration and Labour in Europe (Istanbul: MURCIR and NIWL); G. Avcı and K. Kirişçi (2007) Turkey's immigration and emigration dilemmas at the gate of the European Union. In: S. Castles and R. Delgado Wise (eds) Migration and Development: Perspectives from the South (Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM)), p. 235.Google Scholar
12.Unutulmaz, K.O. (2006) International retirement migration in Turkey: Case of Alanya. Unpublished Research Paper submitted to Florence School on Euro-Mediterranean Migration and Development, Florence. A. Içduygu (2009) International Migration and Human Development in Turkey. Migration Research Program at Koç University (MiReKoc), 1 October 2009. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Reports, Research Paper, p. 14.Google Scholar
13.Statistisches Bundesamt Jahresbericht (2011) (Annual Report 2011 of the Federal Statistical Office of Germany).Google Scholar
14.Bollini, P. and Siem, H. (1995) No real progress towards equity: health of migrants and ethnic minorities on the eve of the year 2000. Social Science and Medicine, 41(6), pp. 819828.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Bryceson, D. and Vuorela, U. (2002) The Transnational Family. New European Frontiers and Global Networks (Oxford: Berg). In: O. Razum, N.N. Sahin-Hodoglugil and K. Polit (2005) Health, wealth or family ties? Why Turkish work migrants return from Germany. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31(4), p. 720.Google Scholar
16.Razum, O., Sahin-Hodoglugil, N.N. and Polit, K. (2005) Health, wealth or family ties? Why Turkish work migrants return from Germany. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31(4), p. 720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Massey, D. and Constant, A. (2001) Guestworkers of the 1980s and 1990s: Who is going back and who is staying in Germany? Paper presented at the 2001 meetings of the European Society of Population Economics, Athens, Greece, 14–17 June 2001.Google Scholar
18.Elkeles, T. and Seifert, W. (1996) Immigrants and health: unemployment and health-risk of labour migrants in the Federal Republic of Germany. Social Science and Medicine, 43(7), 10351047.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Collatz, J. (1994) Zur Realität von Krankheit und Krankheitsversorgung von Migranten in Deutschland. Jahrbuch für Kritische Medizin, 23, 101132.Google Scholar
20.Elkeles, T. and Seifert, W. (1996) Immigrants and health: unemployment and health-risk of labour migrants in the Federal Republic of Germany. Social Science and Medicine, 43(7), pp. 10351047.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Oppen, M. (1985) Ausländerbeschäftigung, Gesundheitsverschleiss und Krankenstand. In: J. Collatz, E. Kürsat-Ahlers and J. Korporal (eds) Gesundheit für alle. Die medizinische Versorgung türkischer Familien in der Bundesrepublik (Rissen: EB-Verlag), pp. 196212.Google Scholar
22.Weber, I., Abel, M., Altenhofen, L., Bächer, K., Berghof, B. and Bergmann, K.E. (1990) Zur gesundheitlichen Lage der ausländischen Bevölkerung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Erste Erkenntnisse. In: Projektgruppe Prioritäre Gesundheitsziele (ed.) Dringliche Gesundheitsprobleme der Bevölkerung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft), pp. 577601.Google Scholar
23.Marmot, M.G., Smith, G.D., Stansfeld, S., Patel, C., North, F., Head, J., White, I., Brunner, E. and Feeney, A. (1991) Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. The Lancet, 337(8754), pp. 13871393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Geronimus, A.T., Bound, J., Waidmann, T.A., Hillemeier, M.M. and Burns, P.B. (1996) Excess mortality among blacks and whites in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 335(21), pp. 15521558.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Helmert, U. (2000) Der Einfluss von Beruf und Familienstand auf die Frühsterblichkeit von männlichen Krankenversicherten. In: U. Helmert, K. Bammann, W. Voges and R. Müller (eds) Müssen Arme früher sterben? Soziale Ungleichheit und Gesundheit in Deutschland (Weinheim and München: Juventa Verlag), pp. 225266.Google Scholar
26.Razum, O., Zeeb, H., Akgün, H.S. and Yilmaz, S. (1998) Low overall mortality of Turkish residents in Germany persists and extends into second generation: merely a healthy migrant effect? Tropical Medicine and International Health, 3(4), pp. 297303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Abraido-Lanza, A.F., Dohrenwend, B.P., Ng-Mak, D.S. and Turner, J.B. (1999) The Latino mortality paradox: a test of the ‘salmon bias’ and healthy migrant hypotheses. American Journal of Public Health, 89(10), pp. 15431548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Altenhofen, L. and Weber, I. (1993) Mortalität der ausländischen und der einheimischen Bevölkerung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, 38(4), pp. 222230.Google Scholar
29.Raymond, L., Fischer, B., Fioretta, G. and Bouchardy, C. (1996) Migration bias in cancer survival rates. Journal of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 1(3), pp. 167173.Google Scholar
30.Razum, O., Zeeb, H., Akgün, H.S. and Yilmaz, S. (1998) Low overall mortality of Turkish residents in Germany persists and extends into second generation: merely a healthy migrant effect? Tropical Medicine and International Health, 3(4), pp. 297303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Schiffauer, W. (1991) Die Migranten aus Subay. Türken in Deutschland: eine Ethnographie (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta).Google Scholar
32.White, J.B. (1997) Turks in the New Germany. American Anthropologist, 99(4), pp. 754769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Collatz, J. (1996) Die Welt im Umbruch. Zu Lebenssituation, Gesundheitszustand und Krankheitsversorgung von Migrantinnen und Migranten in Deutschland. Pro Familia Magazin, 22(1), pp. 26.Google Scholar
34.Bryceson, D. and Vuorela, U. (2002) The Transnational Family. New European Frontiers and Global Networks (Oxford: Berg).Google Scholar
35.Fabian, T. and Straka, G.A. (1991) Ältere türkische Migranten und Migrantinnen in der Spätphase des Erwerbslebens und im Ruhestand. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie, 24(5), 285292.Google Scholar
36.Fabian, T. and Straka, G.A. (1991) Ältere türkische Migranten und Migrantinnen in der Spätphase des Erwerbslebens und im Ruhestand. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie, 24(5), 285292.Google Scholar
37.Razum, O., Sahin-Hodoglugil, N.N. and Polit, K. (2005) Health, wealth or family ties? Why Turkish work migrants return from Germany. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31(4), p. 724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Gundel, S. and Peters, H. (2008) Welche Immigranten kehren Deutschland den Rücken? Institut für Ökonomische Bildung (IÖB). Diskussionspapier 2/08, Eine Paneldatenuntersuchung für Deutschland. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/25574, p. 10.Google Scholar
39.Gerdes, J. and Reisenauer, E. (2011) From return-oriented to integration-related transnationalism – Turkish migrants in Germany. Outline for the conference Immigration and Integration in Europe: Assessment and Prospects, Grenoble, 23–25 February, p. 2.Google Scholar