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Genetic diversity of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) landraces and cultivars from southern, eastern and central Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2013

R. S. Kawuki ,
L. Herselman ,
M. T. Labuschagne ,
I. Nzuki ,
I. Ralimanana ,
M. Bidiaka ,
M. C. Kanyange ,
G. Gashaka ,
E. Masumba  and
G. Mkamilo
...Show all authors
R. S. Kawuki
Affiliation:
National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), PO Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein9300, South Africa International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
L. Herselman
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein9300, South Africa
M. T. Labuschagne
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein9300, South Africa
I. Nzuki
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya Bioscience eastern and central Africa, c/o International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
I. Ralimanana
Affiliation:
FOFIFA/DRA, PO Box 1444, Antananarivo, Madagascar
M. Bidiaka
Affiliation:
Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronomique (INERA), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
M. C. Kanyange
Affiliation:
Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda (ISAR), BP 138, Butare, Rwanda
G. Gashaka
Affiliation:
Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Rwanda (ISAR), BP 138, Butare, Rwanda
E. Masumba
Affiliation:
Root and Tuber Research Program, Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box 509, Mtwara, Tanzania
G. Mkamilo
Affiliation:
Root and Tuber Research Program, Naliendele Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box 509, Mtwara, Tanzania
J. Gethi
Affiliation:
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Katumani, PO Box 340, Machakos, Kenya
B. Wanjala
Affiliation:
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Katumani, PO Box 340, Machakos, Kenya
A. Zacarias
Affiliation:
Agricultural Research Institute (IIAM), PO Box 1922, Maputo, Mozambique
F. Madabula
Affiliation:
Agricultural Research Institute (IIAM), PO Box 1922, Maputo, Mozambique
M. E. Ferguson*
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: m.ferguson@cgiar.org
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Abstract

Studies to quantify genetic variation in cassava germplasm, available within the national breeding programmes in Africa, have been limited. Here, we report on the nature and extent of genetic variation that exists within 1401 cassava varieties from seven countries: Tanzania (270 genotypes); Uganda (268); Kenya (234); Rwanda (184); Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC; 177); Madagascar (186); Mozambique (82). The vast majority of these genotypes do not exist within a formal germplasm conservation initiative and were derived from farmers' fields and National Agricultural Research Systems breeding programmes. Genotypes were assayed using 26 simple sequence repeat markers. Moderate genetic variation was observed with evidence of a genetic bottleneck in the region. Some differentiation was observed among countries in both cultivars and landraces. Euclidean distance revealed the pivotal position of Tanzanian landraces in the region, and STRUCTURE analysis revealed subtle and fairly complex relationships among cultivars and among landraces and cultivars analysed together. This is likely to reflect original germplasm introductions, gene flow including farmer exchanges, disease pandemics, past breeding programmes and the introduction of cultivars from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Nigeria. Information generated from this study will be useful to justify and guide a regional cassava genetic resource conservation strategy, to identify gaps in cassava diversity in the region and to guide breeding strategies.

Keywords

Africacassavagenetic differentiationgenetic diversityManihot esculenta Crantzsimple sequence repeats
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 11 , Issue 2 , August 2013 , pp. 170 - 181
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2013 

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