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Genetic diversity of on-farm selected olive trees in Moroccan traditional olive orchards

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2012

Ahmed El Bakkali ,
Hicham Haouane ,
Amal Hadiddou ,
Ahmed Oukabli ,
Sylvain Santoni ,
Sripada M. Udupa ,
Patrick Van Damme  and
Bouchaib Khadari
Ahmed El Bakkali
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR 1334 Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (AGAP), F-34070Montpellier, France Montpellier SupAgroUMR 1334, AGAP, F-34070Montpellier, France INRA, CRRA-Meknes, UR Amélioration des Plantes et Conservation des Ressources Phytogénétiques (APCRPG), BP 578Meknes, Morocco Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plant Production, Coupure Links 653, B-9000Ghent, Belgium
Hicham Haouane
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR 1334 Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (AGAP), F-34070Montpellier, France Montpellier SupAgroUMR 1334, AGAP, F-34070Montpellier, France
Amal Hadiddou
Affiliation:
INRA, CRRA-Meknes, UR Amélioration des Plantes et Conservation des Ressources Phytogénétiques (APCRPG), BP 578Meknes, Morocco
Ahmed Oukabli
Affiliation:
INRA, CRRA-Meknes, UR Amélioration des Plantes et Conservation des Ressources Phytogénétiques (APCRPG), BP 578Meknes, Morocco
Sylvain Santoni
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR 1334 Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (AGAP), F-34070Montpellier, France
Sripada M. Udupa
Affiliation:
ICARDA-INRA Cooperative Research Project, ICARDA, BP 6299, RabatMorocco INRA, CRRA-Rabat, BP 415, Rabat, Morocco
Patrick Van Damme
Affiliation:
Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plant Production, Coupure Links 653, B-9000Ghent, Belgium
Bouchaib Khadari*
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR 1334 Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes (AGAP), F-34070Montpellier, France CBNMED, UMR 1334 AGAP, F-34398Montpellier, France
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: khadari@supagro.inra.fr
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Abstract

Selecting desired agronomic traits may lead to a loss of genetic diversity in crop species. A molecular investigation was conducted to determine how well a set of olive (Olea europaea L.) accessions sampled in Moroccan traditional orchards represented the entire Moroccan olive diversity range. We therefore collected, in traditional agroecosystems from northern and central Morocco, a total of 88 olive trees chosen for their agronomic traits based on local farmers' knowledge. Using 12 SSR loci, 45 trees (51.1%) had a genotype identical to the ‘Picholine Marocaine’ variety, while the remaining samples were classified into 27 different SSR profiles. Two categories of genotypes were identified: (i) genotypes closely related to the ‘Picholine Marocaine’ variety and probably resulting from intensive vegetative propagation from a limited number of clones, and (ii) genotypes displaying a high number of dissimilar alleles which may have originated from selected spontaneous seedlings. A significant difference in allelic richness was revealed between the 28 on-farm selected genotypes and the overall olive diversity, represented by 57 local genotypes, indicating that the on-farm selected trees represented a subsample of Moroccan genetic diversity. This could be explained by the prevalence of ‘Picholine Marocaine’ in traditional orchards, while some original genotypes with favourable agronomic traits resulting from local farmers' selection were also identified. Applying an ethnobotany approach combined with criteria to fulfil farmers' household needs could be particularly relevant and better explain the obtained results.

Keywords

intra-varietal variationlocal farmers' knowledgeolive (Olea europaea L.)olive breeding‘Picholine Marocaine’ varietySSR markers
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 11 , Issue 2 , August 2013 , pp. 97 - 105
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2012 

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