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Effects of the whole seed and a protein isolate of faba bean (Vicia faba) on the cholesterol metabolism of hypercholesterolaemic rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M. Teresa Macarulla*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
César Medina
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
M. Aránzazu De Diego
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
M. Chávarri
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
M. Ángeles Zulet
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
J. Alfredo Martínez
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
Catherine Nöel-Suberville
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Nutrition, University of Bordeaux I, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France
Paul Higueret
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Nutrition, University of Bordeaux I, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France
María P. Portillo
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of País Vasco, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
*
*Corresponding author: Dr M. Teresa Macarulla, fax +34 945 130756, email knpmaarm@vc.ehu.es
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Abstract

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The aim of the present work was to analyse the hypocholesterolaemic efficiency of a Vicia faba-protein isolate in relation to the intact legume. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the effects of this isolate were investigated. Hypercholesterolaemic rats were divided into three groups (n 10×3) and fed high-fat diets rich in cholesterol-containing casein, whole seeds of Vicia faba or the protein isolate of faba beans as protein source, for 2 weeks ad libitum. The protein isolate was prepared by isoelectric precipitation and spray dried. Analyses of serum, liver and faeces, as well as of the activity of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase, were assessed by enzymatic methods. The rats fed on Vicia faba diets showed significantly lower body weights and energy intakes than rats fed on casein diets. The whole-seed diet induced a significant reduction in plasma triacylglycerol. Feeding rats on diets containing faba bean seeds, or the protein isolate, induced a significant decrease in plasma (LDL+VLDL)-cholesterol but not in HDL-cholesterol. Hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol were also reduced. The hypocholesterolaemic effects of Vicia faba were not the result of a reduction in cholesterol synthesis as assessed from HMG-CoA reductase activity, but the result of an increase in steroid faecal excretion. The faba bean-protein isolate obtained under our experimental conditions was useful in improving the metabolic alterations induced by feeding with a hypercholesterolaemic diet compared with casein. The effectiveness of the whole seeds was higher than that of the protein isolate.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2001

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