Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-p566r Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-27T21:35:19.864Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Responses of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) and other Diptera to carbon dioxide in linear and dense forests

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M.M. Mohamed-Ahmed
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
S. Mihok*
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
*
*Box 24031, Lethbridge AB, Canada T1H 6H1 E-mail: smihok@telusplanet.net

Abstract

The responses of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead and other Diptera to carbon dioxide were studied in linear and dense forests along the shores of Lake Victoria, Kenya. Flies were caught in biconical traps and were intercepted with electric nets while in flight near traps. Carbon dioxide dispensed at a high rate (5 l min–1) in linear forest failed to increase the numbers of tsetse attracted to or caught in traps. In contrast, catches of non-biting Muscidae, Stomoxyinae and Tabanidae were improved by up to 11 times. Inside dense forest, carbon dioxide released at half this rate increased both the numbers of female tsetse attracted to a trap and the catches in a trap by about 2–3 times. Catches of male tsetse were, however, not affected. Striking improvements for other Diptera were also realized (up to 102 times). Under a variety of conditions, unbaited biconical traps attracted many Diptera to the vicinity of a trap, but caught few flies due to low capture efficiencies (typically less than 10%). In contrast, efficiency estimates for G. f. fuscipes were good, varying from 37 to 82% in different habitats and seasons. These results are discussed in relation to the search for practical odour attractants for riverine tsetse.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adlington, D., Randolph, S.A. & Rogers, D.J. (1996) Flying to feed or flying to mate: gender differences in the flight activity of tsetse (Glossina palpalis). Physiological Entomology 21, 8592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amsler, S., Filledier, J. & Millogo, R. (1994) Attractifs olfactifs pour la capture de Glossina tachinoides et Glossina morsitans submorsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae) au Burkina Faso. Effet de la position du sachet diffuseur dans le piège biconique Challier-Laveissière. Revue d'Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux 47, 301311.Google Scholar
Brady, J. & Griffiths, N. (1993) Upwind flight responses of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) (Diptera: Glossinidae) to acetone, octenol and phenols in nature: a video study. Bulletin of Entomological Research 83, 329333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brady, J., Gibson, G. & Packer, M.J. (1989) Odour movement, wind direction, and the problem of host-finding by tsetse flies. Physiological Entomology 14, 369380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brady, J., Packer, M.J. & Gibson, G. (1990) Odour plume shape and host finding by tsetse. Insect Science and its Application 11, 377384.Google Scholar
Brady, J., Griffiths, N. & Paynter, Q. (1995) Wind speed effects on odour source location by tsetse flies (Glossina). Physiological Entomology 20, 293302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bursell, E. & Taylor, P. (1980) An energy budget for Glossina (Diptera: Glossinidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 70, 187196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buxton, P.A. (1955) The natural history of tsetse flies. An account of the biology of the genus Glossina (Diptera). London, H.K. Lewis & Co.Google Scholar
Challier, A., Eyraud, M., Lafaye, A. & Laveissière, C. (1977) Amélioration du rendement du piège biconique pour glossines (Diptera, Glossinidae): par l'emploi d'un cône inférieur bleu. Cahiers ORSTOM, séries Entomologie Médicale et Parasitologie 15, 283286.Google Scholar
Colvin, J. & Gibson, G. (1992) Host-seeking behavior and management of tsetse. Annual Review of Entomology 37, 2140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Filledier, J. & Merot, P. (1989) Pouvoir attractif de l'association M-cresol 1-octen-3-ol dans un type de diffuseur practique pour Glossina tachinoides au Burkina Faso. Revue d'Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux 42, 541544.Google Scholar
Frezil, J.L. & Carenevale, P. (1976) Utilisation de la carboglace pour la capture de Glossina fuscipes quanzensis Pires, 1948, avec le piège Challier-Laveissière. Conséquences épidémiologiques. Cahiers ORSTOM, séries Entomologie Médicale et Parasitologie 14, 225233.Google Scholar
Galey, J.B., Merot, P., Mitteault, A., Filledier, J. & Politzar, H. (1986) Efficacité du dioxide carbone comme attractif pour Glossina tachinoides en savane humide d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Revue d'Élevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux 39, 351354.Google Scholar
Gouteux, J.P., Blanc, F., Cuisance, D., D'Amico, F. & Guinza, A.K. (1995) Trials of olfactory attractants to enhance trap catches of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the Central African Republic. Veterinary Research 26, 335340.Google ScholarPubMed
Green, C.H. (1994) Bait methods for tsetse fly control. Advances in Parasitology 34, 229291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griffiths, N.B.J. & Brady, J. (1995) Wind structure in relation to odour plumes in tsetse fly habitats. Physiological Entomology 20, 286292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laveissière, C., Éouzan, J.P., Grébaut, P. & LeMasson, J.J. (1990) The control of riverine tsetse. Insect Science and its Application 11, 427442.Google Scholar
Mihok, S., Maramba, O., Munyoki, E. & Saleh, K. (1996) Phenology of Stomoxyinae in a Kenyan forest. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 10, 305316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohamed-Ahmed, M.M. & Dairri, M.F. (1987) Trypanosome infection rate of Glossina pallidipes during wet and dry seasons in Somalia. Tropical Animal Health and Production 19, 1120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mohamed-Ahmed, M.M. & Odulaja, A. (1997) Diel activity patterns and host preferences of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) along the shores of Lake Victoria, Kenya. Bulletin of Entomological Research 87, 179186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mwangelwa, M.I., Dransfield, R.D., Otieno, L.H. & Mbata, K.J. (1995) The responses of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead to odour attractants and traps. Journal of African Zoology 109, 2330.Google Scholar
Odulaja, A. & Mohamed-Ahmed, M.M. (1997) Estimation of the efficiency of the biconical trap for Glossina fuscipes fuscipes along the lake Victoria shore, Kenya. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 82, 1924.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paynter, Q. & Brady, J. (1992) Flight behaviour of tsetse flies in thick bush (Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 82, 513516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phelps, R.J. & Holloway, M.T.P. (1992) Catches of Tabanidae in response to visual and odour attractants in Zimbabwe. Journal of African Zoology 106, 371380.Google Scholar
Rogers, A. (1970) The use of dry ice in trapping tsetse. Report of the East African Trypanosomiasis Research Organization (EATRO) 1969, 8590.Google Scholar
Späth, J. (1995) Olfactory attractants for West African tsetse flies, Glossina spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae). Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 46, 253257.Google ScholarPubMed
Torr, S.J. (1990) Dose responses of tsetse flies (Glossina) to carbon dioxide, acetone and octenol in the field. Physiological Entomology 15, 93103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torr, S.J. & Mangwiro, T.N.C. (1996) Upwind flight of tsetse (Glossina spp.) in response to natural and synthetic host odour in the field. Physiological Entomology 21, 143150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torr, S.J., Hall, D.R. & Smith, J.L. (1995) Responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to natural and synthetic ox odours. Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, 157166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torr, S.J., Parker, A.G. & Leigh-Browne, G. (1989) The responses of Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae) to odour-baited traps and targets in Somalia. Bulletin of Entomological Research 79, 99108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A. (1974) New field methods for studying the responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to hosts. Bulletin of Entomological Research 64, 199208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A. (1980) Field studies of the response of tsetse flies (Glossinidae) and other Diptera to carbon dioxide, acetone and other chemicals. Bulletin of Entomological Research 70, 563570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A. (1984) The responses of Glossina (Glossinidae) and other Diptera to odour plumes in the field. Bulletin of Entomological Research 74, 143152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A. & Hall, D.R. (1985) The role of 1-octen-3-ol, acetone and carbon dioxide in the attraction of tsetse flies, Glossina spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae), to ox odour. Bulletin of Entomological Research 75, 209217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G.A., Flint, S. & Hall, D.R. (1986) The field responses of tsetse flies, Glossina spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae), to odours of host residues. Bulletin of Entomological Research 76, 685693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar