Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vvkck Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T16:13:23.008Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Lucalox Alumina: The Ceramic That Revolutionized Outdoor Lighting

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2013

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Links of Science & Technology
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1996

References

1.Kuczynshi, G.C., Trans. AIME 186 (1949) p. 169.Google Scholar
2.Alexander, B.H. and Baluffi, R.W., Acta Metall. 5 (1957) p. 666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Kingery, D.W. and Berg, M., J. Appl. Phys. 26 (1955) p. 1205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Nabarro, F.R.N., Report of a Conference on the Strength of Solids (Physical Society of London, 1948) p. 75.Google Scholar
5.Herring, Conyers, J. Appl. Phys. 21 (1950) p. 437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Burke, J.E., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 40 (1957) p. 80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Burke, J.E., in Grain Growth in Industrial Metallurgy (American Society of Metals, Cleveland, 1954) p. 1. The volume fraction of inclusions just necessary to prevent grain growth in a uniform array of grains with a uniform dispersion of inclusions was subsequently specified by Zener as f = 4/3(ri,/G) where f is the volume fraction of inclusions, ri, is their radius, and G is the average grain diameter (quoted by Cyril Smith, Trans. AIME 175 [1947] p. 15). In the present case where the pores are the operating inclusions and must initially lie on grain boundaries, they are much more effective. Therefore under those conditions f = 8(ri/G)2 (J.E. Burke and J. Rosolowski, Treatise on Solid State Chemistry, vol. 4, edited by B. Hannay [Plenum Press, New York, 1976] p. 621.)Google Scholar
8.Burke, J.E., in Atom Movements (American Society of Metals, Cleveland, 1951) p. 209.Google Scholar
9.Cahoon, H.P. and Christenson, C.J., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 39 (1956) p. 337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. R.L. Coble, U.S. Patent No. 3,026,210.Google Scholar
11. Pore-free alumina is not transparent because aluminum oxide is birefringent. An entering ray is split into polarized ordinary and extraordinary components vibrating in planes normal to each other and showing different refractive indices. Upon entering each new grain, all rays are again split, so a point source viewed through the ceramic emerges as a circle of confusion, which is greater the smaller the grain size and the thicker the specimen.Google Scholar
12.Bruch, C.A., Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc 41 (1962) p. 799.Google Scholar
13.Harmer, Martin, in Sintering of Advanced Ceramics, Ceramic Transactions, 7 (American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio,, 1990)p. 13.Google Scholar
14.Lucke, K.Tour de Physique ,Colloque C4, suppl. 10 (1975)p. 339;Cahn, J.W.Ada Metal 10 (1962) p. 789.Google Scholar
15.Coble, R.L. and Burke, J.E.Progress in Ceramic Science 3, edited by Burke, J.E. p. 199.Google Scholar
16.Johnson, W.C. and Stein, D.F.J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 58 (1975) p. 485.Google Scholar
17.Peelen, J.G.JMater. Sci. Res. 10 (1975)p. 443.Google Scholar
18.Monahan, R.D. and Halloran, J.W.J. Am. Ceram. Soc 62 (1979)p. 564.Google Scholar
19.Burke, J.E., Lay, K.W., and Prochazka, S.Mater. Sci. Res 13 (1980)p. 417.Google Scholar
20.Burke, J.E.in Sintering of Advanced Ceramics, Ceramic Transactions 7 (American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio,, 1990)p. 215.Google Scholar
21.Gilman, J.J., Johnston, W.G. and Sears, G.W.J. Appl. Phys. 29 (1958)p. 747Google Scholar
22.Burton, W.K., Cabrera, N. and Frank, F.C.Google Scholar
23.Gleiter, H.Progress in Metal Physics, Chalmers Anniversary Volume edited by Christie, Haasen, and Marsalske (Pergamon Press, Oxford,, 1981)p. 27.Google Scholar
24.Soni, K.K., Thompson, A.M., Harmer, M.P.,Williams, D.B., Chabala, J.M. and Levi-setti, R.Appl. Phys. Let 66(21) (1995)p. 2795.Google Scholar
25.Rossi, G. and Burke, J.E.J. Am. Ceram. Soc 56 (1973)p. 654.Google Scholar
26.Prochazka, S. in Special Ceramics 6 edited by P. Popper (1971)p. 171.Google Scholar
27.Charles G., Greskovich, Cusano, Dominic, Hoffman, David , and Riedner, Robert J., Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc. 71 (1992) p. 1120.Google Scholar