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Performance of the Nzi and other traps for biting flies in North America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

S. Mihok ,
D.A. Carlson ,
E.S. Krafsur  and
L.D. Foil
S. Mihok*
Affiliation:
388 Church Street, Russell, Ontario, Canada, K4R 1A8
D.A. Carlson
Affiliation:
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA
E.S. Krafsur
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3222, USA
L.D. Foil
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
*
*Fax: +1 (613) 943 0871 E-mail: smihok@rogers.com
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Abstract

The performance of Nzi traps for tabanids (Tabanus similis Macquart, T. quinquevittatus Wiedemann, Chrysops aberrans Philip, C. univittatus Macquart, C. cincticornis Walker, Hybomitra lasiophthalma (Macquart)), stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus) (Diptera: Muscidae) and mosquitoes (Aedes) (Diptera: Culicidae) was investigated at various sites in Canada (Ontario, Alberta) and USA (Iowa, Florida, Louisiana). Traps made from selected fabrics, insect nettings and hand-dyed blue cotton were compared to the African design to provide practical recommendations for temperate environments. Comparisons of substituted materials showed that trap performance was optimal only when traps were made from appropriate fabrics in the colours produced by either copper phthalocyanine (phthalogen blue), or its sulphonated forms (turquoise). Fabrics dyed with other blue chromophores were not as effective (anthraquinone, disazo, formazan, indanthrone, triphenodioxazine). An appropriate texture as well as an appropriate colour was critical for optimal performance. Smooth, shiny synthetic fabrics (polyester, nylon) and polyester blends reduced catches. Low catches occurred even for nominal phthalogen blue, but slightly-shiny, polyester fabrics in widespread use for tsetse. The most suitable retail fabric in place of phthalogen blue cotton was Sunbrella Pacific Blue acrylic awning/marine fabric. It was both attractive and durable, and had a matching colour-fast black. Nzi traps caught grossly similar numbers of biting flies as canopy, Vavoua, and Alsynite cylinder traps, but with differences in relative performance among species or locations.

Keywords

tabanidsstable flycluster flymosquitoesNzi trapphthalogen blue
Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 96 , Issue 4 , August 2006 , pp. 387 - 397
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006

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