Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-11T19:57:12.843Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Goitre in Ethiopia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Zewdie Wolde-Gebriel ,
Teshome Demeke ,
Clive E. Westa  and
Frits Van Der Haar
Zewdie Wolde-Gebriel
Affiliation:
Ethiopian Nutrition Institute, PO Box 5654, Addis Abaha, Ethiopia
Teshome Demeke
Affiliation:
Ethiopian Nutrition Institute, PO Box 5654, Addis Abaha, Ethiopia
Clive E. Westa
Affiliation:
Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
Frits Van Der Haar
Affiliation:
Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A stratified goitre survey was conducted on 35635 schoolchildren and 19158 household members in all Regions of Ethiopia except Eritrea and Tigrai. The gross goitre prevalence (mean of male and female values) among schoolchildren and household members was 30.6 and 18.7% respectively, while that of visible goitre was 1.6 and 3.2% respectively. Prevalence was higher in females (27.3% in household members and 36.1% in schoolchildren) than in males (10.1% in household members and 25.1% in schoolchildren) and increased with age more in females than in males. The prevalence rates at higher altitudes were higher than those at lower altitudes in both schoolchildren and household members. Using an epidemiological model the consequences of iodine deficiency, including cretinism and maternal wastage, have been estimated.

Keywords

GoitreIodineCretinism
Type
Micronutrient Supplementation and the Incidence of Deficiency
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 69 , Issue 1 , January 1993 , pp. 257 - 268
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1993

References

REFERENCES

Beckers, C. & DeLange, F. (1980). Etiology of endemic goiter: iodine deficiency. In Endemic Goiter and Endemic Cretinism, pp. 199–217 [Stanbury, J. B. and Hetzel, B. S. editors]. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Clugston, G. A., Dulberg, E. M., Pandav, C. S. & Tilden, R. L. (1987). Iodine deficiency disorders in South East Asia. In The Prevention and Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, pp. 273–308 [Hetzel, B. S.Dunn, J. T. and Stanbury, J. B. editors]. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Day, T. K. & Powell-Jackson, P. R. (1972). Fluoride, water hardness, and endemic goitre. Lancet i, 1135–1138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeLange, F. (1974). Endemic Goitre and Thyroid Function in Central Africa. Monograph in Paediatrics. Basel: Karger.Google Scholar
Demonstration and Evaluation Team (1965). Ethiopian health center program, its impact on community health in three towns. Ethiopian Medical Journal 5, Suppl., 1–87.Google Scholar
Eltom, M., Hofvander, Y., Torelm, I. & Fellstrom, B. (1984). Endemic goitre in the Darfur region (Sudan). Acta Medica Scandinavica 215, 467–475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ermans, A. M.. Mbulamoko, N. M., DeLange, F. & Ahluwalia, R. (1980). Role of Cassava in the Etiology of Endemic Goitre and Cretinism. Ottawa: International Development Research Center.Google Scholar
Gaitain, E. (1980). Goitrogens in the aetiology of endemic goitre. In Endemic Goitre and Endemic Cretinism, pp. 219–236 [Stanbury, J. B. and Hetzel, B. S. editors]. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Gaitan, J. E., Mayoral, L. G. & Gaitan, E. (1983). Defective thyroidal iodine concentration in protein-calorie malnutrition. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 57, 327–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hetzel, B. S. (1987). An overview of the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. In The Prevention and Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, pp. 7–31 [Hetzel, B. S.Dunn, J. T. and Stanbury, J. B. editors]. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google ScholarPubMed
Hetzel, B. S., Potter, B. J. & Dulberg, E. M. (1990). The iodine deficiency disorders: nature, pathogenesis and epidemiology. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 62, 59–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hetzel, B. S. & Querido, A. (1980). Iodine deficiency, thyroid function, and brain development. In Endemic Goitre and Endemic Cretinism, pp. 461–472 [Stanbury, J. B. and Hetzel, B. S. editors]. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Hofvander, Y. (1970). Endemic goitre among children in the Ethiopian highlands. Ethiopian Medical Journal 8, 179–184.Google ScholarPubMed
Ingenbleek, Y. & Beckers, C. (1973). Evidence for intestinal maladaptation of iodine in protein energy malnutrition. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 26, 1323–1330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingenbleek, Y. & De Visscher, M. (1979). Hormonal and nutritional status: critical conditions for endemic goitre epidemiology? Metabolism 28, 9–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defence (1959). Ethiopia-Nutrition Survey. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Kavishe, F. P. (1986). The prevalence and control of endemic goitre in Tanzania. In Towards the Eradication of Endemic Goitre, Cretinism and Iodine Deficiency. Scientific Publication no. 502, pp. 332–334 *lsqb;Dunn, J. T.Pretell, E. A.Daza, C. H. and Viteri, F. E. editors]. Washington, DC: PAHO/WHO.Google Scholar
Kelly, F. C. & Snedden, W. W. (1960). Prevalence and geographical distribution of endemic goitre. In Endemic Goitre. WHO Monograph Series no. 44, pp. 27–333. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Kloos, H., Adugna, A. & Sahlu, E. (1988). The physical biotic and human environment in Ethiopia: The perspective of medical geography. In The Ecology of Health and Disease in Ethiopia, pp. 18–42 [Zein, Z. A. and Kloos, H. editors]. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Health.Google Scholar
Klopfenstein, C. F., Hoseney, R. C. & Leipold, H. W. (1983). Goitrogenic effects of pearl millet diets. Nutrition Reports International 27, 1039–1047.Google Scholar
Langer, P. (1960). History of goitre. In Endemic Goitre. WHO Monograph Series no. 44, pp. 9–25. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
McMichael, A. J., Potter, J. D. & Hetzel, B. S. (1980). Iodine deficiency, thyroid function, and reproductive failure. In Endemic Goitre and Endemic Cretinism, pp. 445–460 [Stanbury, J. B. and Hetzel, B. S. editors]. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Miller, D. S., Baker, J., Bowden, M., Evans, E., Holt, J., McKeag, R. J., Meinertzhagen, I., Mumford, P. M., Oddy, D. J., Rivers, J. P. W. R., Sevenhuysen, G., Stock, M. J., Kebebe, A., Wolde-Gebriel, Y. & Wolde-Gebriel, Z. (1976). The Ethiopia applied nutrition project. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London 194,23–48.Google ScholarPubMed
Mu, L., Derun, L., Chengyi, Q., Peiying, Z., Qidong, Q., Chunde, Z., Qingzhen, J., Huaixing, W., Eastman, C. J., Boyages, S. C., Collins, J. K., Jupp, J. J. & Maberly, G. F. (1987). Endemic goitre in central China caused by excessive iodine intake. Lancet ii, 257–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Office of the Population and Housing Census Commission (1984). Population and Housing Census. Addis Ababa: OPHCC.Google Scholar
Office of the Population and Housing Census Commission (1989). Population and Housing Census, Analytical Reports on the Various Administrative Regions. Addis Ababa: OPHCC.Google Scholar
Osman, K. A., Basu, T. K. & Dickerson, J. (1983). A goitrogenic agent from millet (Pennisetum typhoides) in Darfur province, Western Sudan. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 27, 14–18.Google ScholarPubMed
Perez, C., Scrimshaw, N. S. & Mcnoz, J. A. (1960). Technique of endemic goitre surveys. In Endemic Goitre. WHO Monograph Series no. 44. pp. 369–383. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Popov, L. (1967). Medical study of goitre in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Medical Journal 6, 5–14.Google Scholar
Thilly, C. H., DeLange, F. & Ermans, A. M. (1972). Further investigations of iodine deficiency in aetiology of endemic goitre. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 25, 30–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanderpas, J. B., Contemprk, B., Duale, N. L., Goosseens, W., Bebe, N., Thorpe, R., Ntambue, K., Dumont, J., Thilly, C. H. & Diplock, A. T. (1990). Iodine and selenium deficiency associated with cretinism in northern Zaire. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 1087–1093.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, D. C. (1954). Goitre in Ceylon and Nigeria. British Journal of Nutrition 8, 90–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed