Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-dnltx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T00:51:28.728Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Calcium levels in maternal milk: relationships with calcium intake during the third trimester of pregnancy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Rosa M. Ortega ,
Rosa M. Martínez ,
M. Elena Quintas ,
Ana M. López-Sobaler  and
Pedro Andrés
Rosa M. Ortega*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Rosa M. Martínez
Affiliation:
Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Servicio de Obstetricia yGinecología, Hospital INSALUD, Cuenca, Spain
M. Elena Quintas
Affiliation:
Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Ana M. López-Sobaler
Affiliation:
Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Pedro Andrés
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Técnicas Instrumentales, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
*
*Corresponding author:Prof. Dr Rosa Ortega, fax + 34 1 394 1732, email rortega@eucmax.sim.ucm.es
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of Ca intake and serum Ca levels during the third trimester of pregnancy with levels of the same mineral in transition milk (days 13−14 of lactation) and mature milk (day 40 of lactation). The study subjects were a group of fifty-seven healthy, lactating mothers aged between 18 and 35 years (mean 27 (SD 3·7) years) whose pregnancies and labour were attended by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Cuenca INSALUD Hospital, Spain. Ca intake during the third trimester was determined by recording the consumption of foods over a 5 d period and by registering Ca provided by dietary supplements. The same method was used to investigate the intake of protein, vitamin D, fibre and Fe, nutrients that could affect the use of dietary Ca. Ca levels in maternal serum during this stage of pregnancy, during lactation and in transition and mature milk samples, were determined using 2-cresolphthalein complexone. During pregnancy 70·2% of subjects showed Ca intakes below 1100mg/d (75th percentile). The consumption of Ca supplements was very small and hardly modified the mean quantity supplied by the diet. Subjects with an intake < 1100mg/d showed no fall in Ca levels in serum, either during pregnancy or lactation, nor were decreased levels found in transition milk. However, these subjects showed lower Ca levels in mature milk (5·95 (SD 1·56) mmol/1) than did subjects with greater Ca intakes (6·82 (SD 1·31) mmol/1). This may suggest that breast-fed babies of mothers with lower Ca intakes during pregnancy also receive less Ca.

Keywords

CalciumPregnancyLactation
Type
Human and Clinical Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 79 , Issue 6 , June 1998 , pp. 501 - 507
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1998

References

Ash, S (1995) Dietary intakes of pregnant women in Sydney, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 52, 149–153.Google Scholar
Borrud, LG, Krebs-Smith, SM, Friedman, L & Guenther, PM (1993) Food and nutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating women in the United States. Journal of Nutrition Education 25, 176–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butte, NF, Garza, C, O'Brian, E, Wills, C & Nichols, BL (1987) Macro- and trace-mineral intakes of exclusively breast-fed infants. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 42–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chan, GM (1982) Human milk calcium and phosphate levels of mothers delivering term and preterm infants. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 1, 201–205.Google ScholarPubMed
Committee on Nutrition (1985) Composition of human milk: normative data. In Pediatric Nutrition Handbook, pp. 363–368. Illinois: American Academy of Pediatrics.Google Scholar
Dagnelie, PC, van Staveren, WA, Roos, AH, Tuinstra, LG & Burema, J (1992) Nutrients and contaminants in human milk from mothers on macrobiotic and omnivorous diets. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, 355–366.Google ScholarPubMed
Departamento, de Nutrición (1994) Ingestas Recomendadas de Energía y Nutrientes para la Población Española (Tables of Recommended Intakes of Energy and Nutrients for the Spanish Population). Madrid: Departamento de Nutrición.Google Scholar
DeSimone, DP, Stevens, J, Edwards, J, Shary, J, Gordon, L & Bell, NH (1989) Influence of body habitus and race on bone mineral density of the mid-radius, hip and spine in aging women Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 4, 827–830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feeley, RM, Eitenmiller, RR, Jones, JB Jr & Barnhart, H (1983) Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium contents of human milk during early lactation. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 2, 262–267.Google ScholarPubMed
Fransson, GB & Lönnerdal, B (1984) Iron, copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium in human milk fat. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 39, 185–189.Google ScholarPubMed
Frolich, W (1995) Bioavailability of micronutrients in a fibre-rich diet, especially related to minerals. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49, 116–122.Google Scholar
Gambacciani, M, Spinetti, A, Gallo, R, Cappagli, B, Teti, GC & Facchini, V (1995) Ultrasonographic bone characteristics during normal pregnancy: longitudinal and cross-sectional evaluation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 173, 890–893.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garza, C, Butte, NF & Goldman, AS (1993) In Textbook of Pediatric Nutrition, 2nd ed. [Suskind, RM and Lewinter-Suskind, L, editors]. New York, NY: Raven Press Ltd.Google Scholar
Goldberg, GR, Black, AE, Jebb, SA, Cole, JJ, Murgatroyd, PR, Coward, WA & Prentice, AM (1991) Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology: 1. Derivation of cut-off limits to identify under-recording. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 569–581.Google ScholarPubMed
Hagsted, M & Linkswiler, HM (1981) Long-term effects of protein intake on calcium metabolism in young adult women. Journal of Nutrition 111, 244–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harzer, G, Haug, M & Bindels, JG (1986) Biochemistry of maternal milk in early lactation. Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition 40, 11–18.Google ScholarPubMed
Haste, FM, Brooke, OG, Anderson, HR & Bland, JM (1991) The effect of nutritional intake on outcome of pregnancy in smokers and non-smokers. British Journal of Nutrition 65, 347–354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Institute of Medicine (1991) Nutrition During Lactation, pp. 57–219. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Instituto de Nutrición (1994) Tablas de Composición de Alimentos Españoles (Spanish Food Composition Tables). Madrid: Institute de Nutrición.Google Scholar
Itriago, A, Carrión, N, Fernández, A, Puig, M & Dini, E (1997) Contenido de zinc, cobre, hierro, calcio, fósforo y magnesio en leche materna en los primeros días de lactatión (Content of zinc, copper, iron, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in maternal milk during the early days of lactation). Archives Latinoamericanos de Nutricion 47, 14–22.Google Scholar
Johnson, RK, Goran, MI & Pohlman, ET (1994) Correlates of over-and underreporting of energy intake in healthy older men and women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, 1286–1290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kalkwarf, HJ, Specker, BL, Bianchi, DC, Ranz, J & Ho, M (1997) The effect of calcium supplementation on bone density during lactation and after weaning. New England Journal of Medicine 337, 523–528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karra, MV, Kirksey, A, Gala, O, Bassily, NS, Harrison, GG & Jerome, NW (1988) Zinc, calcium and magnesium concentrations in milk from American and Egyptian women throughout the first 6 months of lactation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47, 642–648.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, JC & Weininger, J (1991) Embarazo y lactancia (Pregnancy and lactation). In Conocimientos Actuales Sobre Nutrición (Present Nutrition Knowledge), pp. 362–369. Washington, DC: ILSI-North America.Google Scholar
Laskey, MA, Dibba, B & Prentice, A (1991) A semi-automated micromethod for the determination of calcium and phosphorus in human milk. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 28, 49–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laskey, MA, Prentice, A, Shaw, J, Zachou, T & Ceesay, SM (1990) Breast-milk calcium concentrations during prolonged lactation in British and rural Gambian mothers. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 79, 507–512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lorentz, K (1982) Improved determination of serum Ca with 2-cresolphthalein complexone. Clinica Chimica Acta 126, 327–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marya, RK, Rathee, S & Arora, SR (1981) Concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in the sera of lactating women in north India. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 25, 59–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moser, PB & Reynolds, RD (1983) Dietary zinc intake and zinc concentrations of plasma, erythrocytes and breast milk in antepartum and postpartum lactating and nonlactating women: a longitudinal study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 38, 101–108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neville, MC, Keller, RP, Seacat, J, Casey, CE, Allen, JC & Archer, P (1984) Studies on human lactation. I. Within-feed and between-breast variation in selected components of human milk. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 40, 635–646.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ortega, RM, Andrés, P, Martínez, RM & López-Sobaler, AM (1997 a) Vitamin A status during the third trimester of pregnancy: influence on concentrations of vitamin A in maternal milk. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 66, 564–568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortega, RM, Andrés, P, Martínez, RM, López-Sobaler, AM & Quintas, E (1997 b) Zinc levels in maternal milk: the influence of nutritional status with respect to zinc during the third trimester of pregnancy. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, 253–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ortega, RM, Gaspar, MJ & Cantero, M (1996 a) Relationship between lipid parameters quantified in maternal and cord blood in two Spanish groups. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 66, 250–257.Google Scholar
Ortega, RM, Gaspar, MJ & Moreiras, O (1994) Dietary assessment of a pregnant Spanish women group. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 64, 130–134.Google ScholarPubMed
Ortega, RM, Requejo, AM, Quintas, ME, Sánchez-Quiles, B, López-Sobaler, AM & Andrés, P (1996 b) Estimated energy balance in female university students: differences with respect to body mass index and concern about body weight. International Journal of Obesity 20, 1127–1129.Google ScholarPubMed
Patton, S, Canfield, LM, Huston, GE, Ferris, AM & Jensen, RG (1990) Carotenoids of human colostrum. Lipids 25, 159–165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Payne, RB, Little, AJ & Evans, RT (1990) Albumin-adjusted calcium concentration in serum increases during normal pregnancy. Clinical Chemistry 36, 142–144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prentice, A (1994) Maternal calcium requirements during pregnancy and lactation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, 477S–482S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prentice, A & Barclay, DV (1991) Breast milk calcium and phosphorus concentrations of mothers in rural Zaire. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 611–617.Google ScholarPubMed
Prentice, A, Dibba, B, Jarjou, LMA, Laskey, MA & Paul, AA (1994) Is breast milk calcium concentration influenced by calcium intake during pregnancy? Lancet 344, 411–412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prentice, A, Jarjou, LMA, Cole, TJ, Stirling, DM, Dibba, B & Fairweather-Tait, S (1995) Calcium requirements of lactating Gambian mothers: effects of a calcium supplement on breast-milk calcium concentration, maternal bone mineral content, and urinary calcium excretion. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, 58–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Repke, JT (1994) Calcium and vitamin D. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 37, 550–557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodkey, FL (1965) Direct spectrophotometric determination of albumin in human serum. Clinical Chemistry 2, 478–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seely, EW, Brown, EM, DeMaggio, DM, Weldon, DK & Graves, SW (1997) A prospective study of calciotropic hormones in pregnancy and post partum: reciprocal changes in serum intact parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 176, 214–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wonnacott, HW & Wonnacott, RJ (1977) Introductory Statistics. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.Google Scholar
Wootton, IDP (1974) Microanalysis in Medical Biochemistry, p. 104. London: Churchill Livingstone.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1976) Methodology of Nutritional Surveillance. Technical Report Series no. 53, p. 20. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1985) Energy and Protein Requirements. Technical Report Series no. 724, pp. 71–80. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Yoneyama, K, Goto, I & Nagata, H (1995) Changes in the concentrations of nutrient components of human milk during lactation. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 42, 472–481.Google ScholarPubMed
Yoneyama, K, Goto, I, Nagata, H & Ikeda, J (1994) Effects of maternal food intake on the total protein, fat, lactose and calcium concentrations in human milk. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 41, 507–517.Google ScholarPubMed