Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T20:46:16.569Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Taxonomy, Type Specimens, and the Making of Biological Property in Intellectual Property Rights Law

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2012

Bronwyn Parry*
Affiliation:
Professor of Social Science, Health and Medicine, Department of Social Science, Health and Medicine, King's College London. Email: Bronwyn.Parry@kcl.ac.uk

Abstract

Despite remaining the most iconic and highly valorized metrical technology of the entire, now globally universalized, project of zoological and botanical taxonomy, very little attention has been given to highlighting the pivotal role that type specimens also play in constructing and disciplining contemporary relations to living property. Building on my earlier work on the relationship between biological classification and regulation,1 this article provides an overdue analysis of this technology's significance in introducing deposition, priority of publication, and authorship as the key conceptual and functional mechanisms not only of taxonomic classification, but also of the ascendant system for prosecuting rights to ownership of biological novelties in the contemporary era: the Euro-American system of intellectual property law.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International Cultural Property Society 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Association for Molecular Pathology v. U.S. Patent, and Trademark Office, No. 09-CV-4515, 94 USPQ2d 1683 (S.D.N.Y. March 29, 2010).Google Scholar
Biagioli, Mario. “Patent Republic: Representing Inventions, Constructing Rights and Authors.” Social Research 73, no. 4 (2006): 1143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biaglioli, Mario, and Galison, Peter. Scientific Authorship: Credit and Intellectual Property in Science. London: Routledge, 2002.Google Scholar
Bonneuil, Christophe. “The Manufacture of Species: Kew Gardens, the Empire and the Standardisation of Taxonomic Practices in late 19th century Botany.” In Instruments, Travel, and Science: Itineraries of Precision from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Century, edited by Bourguet, Marie-Noelle, Licoppe, Christian, and Sibum, H. Otto, 189215. London: Routledge, 2002.Google Scholar
Browne, Janet. “Biogeography and Empire.” In Cultures of Natural History, edited by Jardine, Nicholas, Secord, James, and Sparry, Emma, 305–22. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Coombe, Rosemary. “Authorial Cartographies: Mapping Proprietary Borders in a Less-Than-Brave New World.” Stanford Law Review 48 (1996): 1357–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daston, Lorraine. “Type Specimens and Scientific Memory.” Critical Inquiry 31 Autumn 2004: 153–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dutfield, Graham. Intellectual Property Rights and the Life Science Industries: A 20th Century History. London: Ashgate, 2003.Google Scholar
Fritze, Dagmar, and Weihs, Vera. “Deposition of Biological Material for Patent Protection in Biotechnology.” Applied Microbial Biotechnology 57 (2001): 443–50.Google ScholarPubMed
Hayden, Cori. When Nature Goes Public: The Making and Unmaking of Bioprospecting in Mexico. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Jaszi, Peter, and Woodmansee, Martha. “Beyond Authorship: Refiguring Rights in Traditional Culture and Bioknowledge.” In Scientific Authorship: Credit and Intellectual Property in Science, edited by Biaglioli, Mario and Galison, Peter, 195225. London: Routledge, 2002.Google Scholar
Keeney, Elizabeth. The Botanists: Amateur Scientists in Nineteenth-Century America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Kevles, D.Of Mice and Money: The Story of the World's First Animal Patent.” Daedalus 131, no. 2 (Spring 2002): 87.Google Scholar
Latour, Bruno. Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Parry, Bronwyn. Trading the Genome: Investigating the Commodification of Bio-Information. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pottage, Alain, and Sherman, Bradley. Figures of Invention: A History of Modern Patent Law. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapin, Steve. A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherman, Bradley. “Taxonomic Property.” Cambridge Law Journal 67, no. 3 (2008): 560–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sterckx, Sigrid. “Some Ethically Problematic Aspects of the Proposal for a Directive on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions.” European Intellectual Property Review 20, no. 4 (1998): 123–28.Google Scholar