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Predation by carabid beetles on the invasive slug Arion vulgaris in an agricultural semi-field experiment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 November 2012

E. Pianezzola ,
S. Roth  and
B.A. Hatteland
E. Pianezzola*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
S. Roth
Affiliation:
Bergen Museum, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
B.A. Hatteland
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: 0039 0461 653100 E-mail: pianeone@hotmail.com
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Abstract

Arion vulgaris Moquin-Tandon 1855 is one of the most important invasive species in Europe, affecting both biodiversity and agriculture. The species is spreading in many parts of Europe, inflicting severe damage to horticultural plants and cultivated crops partly due to a lack of satisfactory and effective management solutions. Molluscicides have traditionally been used to manage slug densities, although the effects are variable and some have severe side-effects on other biota. Thus, there is a need to explore potential alternatives such as biological control. The nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is the only biological agent that has been applied commercially so far. However, other biological control agents such as carabid beetles have also been found to be promising. In addition, some carabid species have been shown to feed on A. vulgaris in the field as well as in the laboratory. Two species in particular have been found to be important predators of A. vulgaris, and these species are also common in agricultural environments: Pterostichus melanarius and Carabus nemoralis. This study is the first to use semi-field experiments in a strawberry field, manipulating densities, to investigate how P. melanarius and C. nemoralis affect densities of A. vulgaris eggs and juveniles, respectively. Gut contents of C. nemoralis were analysed using multiplex PCR methods to detect DNA of juvenile slugs. Results show that both P. melanarius and C. nemoralis significantly affect densities of slug eggs and juvenile slugs under semi-field conditions and that C. nemoralis seems to prefer slugs smaller than one gram. Carabus nemoralis seems to be especially promising in reducing densities of A. vulgaris, and future studies should investigate the potential of using this species as a biological control agent.

Keywords

Arion vulgarisPterostichus melanariusCarabus nemoralissemi-field experimentsjuvenileseggspredation
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 103 , Issue 2 , April 2013 , pp. 225 - 232
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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