MRS Bulletin

Materials for Neural Interfaces

Table of Contents - June 2012 - Volume  37   

Materials for Neural Interfaces

Material considerations for optical interfacing to the nervous system

Mykyta M. Chernova1, Austin R. Dukea2, Jonathan M. Caycea3, Spencer W. Crowdera4, Hak-Joon Sunga5 and E. Duco Jansena6

a1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; mykyta.m.chernov@vanderbilt.edu

a2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; austin.r.duke@vanderbilt.edu

a3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; jonathan.m.cayce@vanderbilt.edu

a4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; spencer.w.crowder@vanderbilt.edu

a5 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; hak-joon.sung@vanderbilt.edu

a6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; duco.jansen@vanderbilt.edu

Abstract

Optical neural interfaces offer several advantages over electrophysiological methods in both clinical and experimental applications. Optical stimulation techniques exhibit high spatial selectivity, do not create electrical artifacts, and allow for stimulation of specific neuronal populations. Calcium- and voltage-sensitive dyes can probe neuronal and astrocytic signaling at both single cell and network scales, and miniature optical sensors can measure a variety of physiological signals in situ. However, optical neural interfaces must be robust, safe, and effective over long periods of time in order to be acceptable for use in human patients. In this article, we draw the attention of the materials science community to the need for a new generation of materials that have the necessary optical performance and, at the same time, conform to the constraints placed on implanted devices in terms of size, relevant mechanical properties, and biocompatibility, providing some examples of recent advancements in the field.

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