Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-cfpbc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T18:42:51.902Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

On the Socio-Indexicality of a Parisian French Intonation Contour1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 September 2011

CHRISTOPHER M. STEWART*
Affiliation:
University of Texas–Arlington
*
Address for correspondence: Christopher Stewart, University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Modern Languages, Box 19557, 701 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA e-mail: cmstewar@uta.edu

Abstract

This study examines how intonation contours prevalent in a Parisian French urban youth vernacular (Conein and Gadet, 1998; Fagyal 2003, 2005) index sociolinguistic meanings for Parisian French listeners. In a web-based experiment, listeners placed recordings with stress patterns ranging from clearly penultimate (‘non-standard’) to clear phrase-final (‘standard’) in cities whose linguistic correctness they had previously evaluated. Stimuli with the most numerous and strongest cues to penultimate prominence were reliably identified with cities low in linguistic prestige. Sociolinguistic experience was shown to predict stimulus evaluations. The conclusions reached speak to the socio-indexicality of certain Parisian intonation contour types and the methodology used herein may lend itself to future studies of socially sensitive language variation.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

Acknowledgements: For their copious assistance with this project, I would like to thank Zsuzsanna Fagyal and Peter Golato. Special thanks to Zsuzsanna Fagyal whose recordings were used to construct the stimuli for the perception experiment documented herein. All errors are my own.

References

REFERENCES

Armstrong, N. and Jamin, M. (2002). Le français des banlieues: Uniformity and Discontinuity in the French of the Hexagone. In: Salhi, K. (ed), French in and out of France: Language Policies, Intercultural Antagonisms and Dialogue. Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 107136.Google Scholar
Boersma, P. and Weenink, D. (2011). Praat: doing phonetics by computer (Version 5.2.23) [Computer program]. (http://www.praat.org/)Google Scholar
Clopper, C. G. and Pisoni, D. B. (2004a). Homebodies and army brats: Some effects of early linguistic experience and residential history on dialect categorization. Language Variation and Change, 16: 3148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clopper, C. G. and Pisoni, D. B. (2004b). Some acoustic cues for the perceptual categorization of American English regional dialects. Journal of Phonetics, 32: 111140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clopper, C. G. and Pisoni, D. B. (2006). Effects of region of origin and geographic mobility on perceptual dialect categorization, Language Variation and Change, 18: 193221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conein, B. and Gadet, F. (1998). Le ‘français populaire’ des jeunes de la banlieue parisienne entre permanence et innovation. In: Androutsopoulos, K. and Scholz, A. (eds), Jugendsprache / Langue des jeunes / Youth language. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, pp. 105123.Google Scholar
Delattre, P. (1966). Les Dix Intonations de base du français. The French Review, 40 (1): 114.Google Scholar
Di Cristo, A. (1998). Intonation in French. In: Hirst, D. and Di Cristo, A. (eds), Intonation Systems: A Survey of Twenty Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 195218.Google Scholar
Fagyal, Z. (2003). The matter with the penultimate: Prosodic change in the vernacular of lower-class immigrant youth in Paris. Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Volume 1. Barcelona: Causal Productions, pp. 671674.Google Scholar
Fagyal, Z. (2004). Action des médias et interactions entre jeunes dans une banlieue ouvrière de Paris: Remarques sur l'innovation lexicale. Cahier de Sociolinguistique, 9: 4160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fagyal, Z. (2003)[2005]. Prosodic consequences of being a Beur: French in contact with immigrant languages in Paris. Selected papers from NWAV 32, Philadelphia, 2004 / Working Papers in Linguistics, 10 (2), 91104.Google Scholar
Fagyal, Z. and Stewart, C. (in press). Prosodic style-shifting and peer-group solidarity in a multi-ethnic working-class Suburb of Paris. In: Kern, F. and Setling, M. (eds), Pan-Ethnic Styles of Speaking in European Metropolitan Cities. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Fónagy, I. and Magdics, K. L. (1963). Emotional patterns in intonation and music. Zeitschrift für Phonetik, 16 (1–3): 293326.Google Scholar
Genin, C. (1995, September 2) Les jeunes des cités ont inventé leur propre langage. Le Monde.Google Scholar
Gibbons, J. D. and Chakraborti, S. (2003). Nonparametric Statistical Inference (4th edition). New York: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Jun, S. and Fougeron, C. (2000). A phonological model of French intonation. In: Botinis, A. (Ed.), Intonation: Analysis, Modeling and Technology. Norwell, MA: Kluwer, pp. 209242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jun, S. and Fougeron, C. (2002). Realizations of accentual phrase in French intonation. Probus: International Journal of Latin and Romance Linguistics, 14 (1): 147172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuiper, L. (2005). Perception is reality: Parisian and Provençal perceptions of regional varieties of French. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 9 (1): 2852CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labov, W. (2001). Principles of Linguistic Change. Volume 2: Social Factors. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Lehka-Lemarchand, I. (2007). Accent de banlieue: Approche phonétique et sociolinguistique de la prosodie des jeunes d'une banlieue rouennaise. Doctoral Dissertation, Université de Rouen.Google Scholar
Léon, P. (1974). Modalité imperative et intonation. World Papers in Phonetics, Festschrift for Dr. Onishi's Kiju. Tokyo: Phonetic Society of Japan, pp. 253280.Google Scholar
Pierrehumbert, J. (1980). The phonology and phonetics of English intonation. Doctoral Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Pooley, T. (2007). Analyzing urban youth vernaculars in French cities: Lexicographical, variationist and ethnographic approaches. In: Ayoun, D. (ed), French Applied Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 317344.Google Scholar
Post, B. (2000). Tonal and Phrasal Structures in French Intonation. The Hague: Holland Academic Graphics. (http://www.rceal.cam.ac.uk/People/Staffpages/bpost_thesis.zip)Google Scholar
Preston, D. (1999). Introduction. In: Preston, D. (ed.), Handbook of Perceptual Dialectology: Volume 1. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. xxivxl.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, C. and Fagyal, Z. (2005). Engueulade ou énumération: Attitudes envers quelques énoncés enregistrés dans ‘les banlieues’. In: Bertucci, M.-M. and Houdart-Merot, V. (eds), Situations de banlieue: Enseignement, langues, culture. Paris: Institut National de Recherche, pp. 241252.Google Scholar
Trimaille, C. and Billiez, J. (2007). Pratiques langagières de jeunes urbains: peut-on parler de ‘parler’? In: Molinari, C. and Galazzi, E. (eds), Les français en émergence. Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 95109.Google Scholar