Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-m9kch Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-10T09:04:39.404Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Laboratory and Field Investigations on the Ability of Eggs of the European Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) to Withstand Low Winter Temperatures1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

C. R. Sullivan
C. R. Sullivan
Affiliation:
Forest Insect Laboratory, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Measurements of the supercooling points of eggs from different latitudes suggest that the cold-hardiness of N. sertifer is increased by the selective pressure of low winter temperatures. In Ontario, the insect is only beginning to experience temperatures capable of influencing population trends, but the selection of a more cold-hardy population may be in progress. It is predicted that this insect will eventually be capable of extendng its range into natural stands of jack pine in the northwestern portion of the province.

Overwintering eggs are inherently able to supercool to about −26 °C., but exposure to certain non-lethal conditioning temperatures increases their cold-hardiness. Increased cold-hardiness apparently is associated with the appearance of glycerol in the eggs. Mortality curves based on supercooling points of eggs exposed to optimal conditioning temperatures are useful in predicting overwintering mortality of eggs that are not protected by snow cover.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 97 , Issue 9 , September 1965 , pp. 978 - 993
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1965

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Breny, R. 1957. Contribution à l'étude de la diapause chez Neodiprion sertifer Geoffr. dans la nature. Mem. Acad. R. Belg. Cl. Sci. 30: 1–86.Google Scholar
Brygider, W. 1952. In what embryonic stage do eggs of Neodiprion enter the winter diapause? Canad. J. Zool. 30: 99–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, L. J. 1953. The climate of northern Ontario. Canad. J. agric. Sci. 33: 41–73.Google Scholar
Chino, H. 1957. Conversion of glycogen to sorbitol and glycerol in the diapause egg of the Bombyx silkworm. Nature 180: 606–607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckel, O., and Thams, C.. 1939. Unters. u. Dichte, Temp. u. Strahlverhaltn d. schneedecke in Davos. Geologie Schweiz, Hydrologic Lief. 3: 275–340.Google Scholar
Forsius, R. 1920. Kleinere Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Tenthredinoiden — Eier I. Medd. Soc. Fauna Fl. fenn. 45: 169–184.Google Scholar
Geiger, R. 1950. The climate near the ground. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
Green, G. W. 1962. Low winter temperatures and the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) in Ontario. Canad. Ent. 94: 314–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffiths, K. J. 1959. Observations on the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.), and its parasites in southern Ontario. Canad. Ent. 95: 501–512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, C. C. 1943. The pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer Geoff. and its control with concentrated lead arsenate sprays. J. econ. Ent. 36: 236–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, G., and Lull, H. W., 1963. Some relationships among air, snow, and soil temperatures and soil frost. U.S. For. Ser. Res. Note, Ntheast. For. Exp. Sta. No. Ne-3: 4 pp.Google Scholar
Lyons, L. A., and Griffiths, K. J.. 1962. Observations on the development of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) within the cocoon (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Canad. Ent. 94: 994–1001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mail, G. A. 1935. Cold weather and its effects on injurious insects. Montana St. Coll. agric. Exp. Sta. Cir. 146.Google Scholar
MacPhee, A. W. 1961. Mortality of winter eggs of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch), at low temperatures, and its ecological significance. Canad. J. Zool. 39: 229–243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, D. F., and Chapman, L. J.. 1938. The climate of southern Ontario. Sci. Agric. 18: 401–446.Google Scholar
Salt, R. W. 1950. Time as a factor in the freezing of undercooled insects. Canad. J. Res., D, 28: 285–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salt, R. W. 1953. The influence of food on the cold-hardiness of insects. Canad. Ent. 85: 261–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salt, R. W. 1956. Influence of moisture content and temperature on cold-hardiness of hibernating insects. Canad. J. Zool. 34: 283–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salt, R. W. 1957. Natural occurrence of glycerol in insects and its relation to their ability to survive freezing. Canad. Ent. 89: 491–494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salt, R. W. 1959. Role of glycerol in the cold-hardening of Bracon cephi (Gahan). Canad. J. Zool. 37: 59–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salt, R. W. 1961a. Principles of insect cold-hardiness. Ann. Rev. Ent. 6: 55–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salt, R. W. 1961b. Resistance of poikilothermic animals to cold. Brit. med. Bull. 17: 5–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaffner, J. V. 1939. Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.), a pine sawfly accidentally introduced into New Jersey from Europe. J. econ. Ent. 32: 887–888.Google Scholar
Somme, L. 1964. Effects of glycerol on cold-hardiness in insects. Canad. J. Zool. 42: 87–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sullivan, C. R., and Green, G. W.. 1964. Freezing-point determination in immature stages of insects. Canad. Ent. 96: 158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, D. R., and Sullivan, C. R.. 1963. Laboratory and field investigations of the effect of temperature on the development of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) in the cocoon. Canad. Ent. 95: 1051–1066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wyatt, G. R., and Kalf, G. F.. 1958. Organic compounds of insect hemolymph. Proc. Xth int. Cong. Ent. 2: 333.Google Scholar