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Recovery: an international perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 May 2011

Mike Slade ,
Michaela Amering  and
Lindsay Oades
Mike Slade*
Affiliation:
Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry King's College London, London (United Kingdom)
Michaela Amering
Affiliation:
Medical University of Vienna, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Division of Social Psychiatry, Vienna (Austria)
Lindsay Oades
Affiliation:
lllawarra Institute for Mental Health, University of Wollongong, Australia
*
Address for correspondence: Dr. M. Slade, Health Service and Population Research Department Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, (United Kingdom). E-mail: m.slade@iop.kcl.ac.uk
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Summary

Aims – To review developments in recovery-focussed mental health services internationally. Methods – Two forms of ‘recovery’ which have been used in the literature are considered, and international examples of recovery-focussed initiatives reviews. A ‘litmus test’ for a recovery-focussed service is proposed. Results – ‘Clinical recovery’ has emerged from professional literature, focuses on sustained remission and restoration of functioning, is invariant across individuals, and has been used to establish rates of recovery. ‘Personal recovery’ has emerged from consumer narratives, focuses on living a satisfying, hopeful and contributing life even with limitations caused by the illness, varies across individuals, and the empirical evidence base relates to stages of change more than overall prevalence rates. Clinical and personal recovery are different. Two innovative, generalisable and empirically investigated examples are given of implementing a focus on personal recovery: the Collaborative Recovery Model in Australia, and Trialogues in German-speaking Europe. The role of medication is an indicator: services in which all service users are prescribed medication, in which the term ‘compliance’ is used, in which the reasoning bias is present of attributing improvement to medication and deterioration to the person, and in which contact with and discussion about the service user revolves around medication issues, are not personal recovery-focussed services. Conclusions – The term ‘Recovery’ has been used in different ways, so conceptual clarity is important. Developing a focus on personal recovery is more than a cosmetic change – it will entail fundamental shifts in the values of mental health services.

Declaration of Interest: None.

Keywords

rehabilitationrecovery of functionmental health servicescommunity psychiatry
Type
Special Articles
Information
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , June 2008 , pp. 128 - 137
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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