Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T13:13:47.074Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Revisiting CEWIGs: A reflection on the usage of collocations of ‘English’ with ‘world’, ‘international’ and ‘global’

It's a few years since Tom McArthur explored whether English is a world, international, or global language. Have things changed?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2011

Matthew Watterson
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

As regular readers of English Today would probably be aware, in the early years of the 21st Century, when applied linguists discuss the world-wide significance of the most widely learned and used language, it is not always enough to simply refer to it as ‘English’ or ‘the English language’. On the contrary, it has become almost de rigueur to collocate the word ‘English’ with ‘world’, ‘international’ or ‘global’. Thus, we have the six commonly used expressions set out in Table 1. At the risk of adding further to the crowded landscape of abbreviations in applied linguistics, I will refer to these as ‘CEWIGs’ (Collocations of ‘English’ with ‘world’, ‘international’ and ‘global’).

Type
Original Article
Information
English Today , Volume 27 , Issue 1 , March 2011 , pp. 42 - 51
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahulu, S. 1998. ‘Lexical variation in international English.’ English Today, 14(3), 29–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aiken, J. 1933. ‘“Basic” and World English.' American Speech, 8(4), 17–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aiken, J. 1934. ‘English as an international language.’ American Speech, 9(2), 98–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, R. 2000. ‘Size matters.’ English Today, 16(2), 57–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, R. & Görlach, M. (eds.) 1984. English as a World Language. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Barrows, S. 1926. ‘Review: Euphon English and world-standard English in America by Margueritte de Witt.’ American Speech, 2(2), 104–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, A. 1888. ‘The claims of the English language to universality.’ Science, 12(306), 291–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, A. 1889. ‘“Alphabetic law” and “World-English”.’ Science, 13(327), 369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bell, A. 1890. ‘Phonetics.’ PMLA: Journal of the Modern Language Association of America, 5(1), 23–32.Google Scholar
Bonnema, H. 1976. ‘boihuud difficultyz in the 1890’z, bie Harry M. Veenstra.’ Spelling Progress Bulletin, 16(4) 9–13.Google Scholar
Bruton, A. 2005. ‘World English: The medium or the learning? A reply to Kanvillil Rajagopalan.’ ELT Journal, 58(2), 255–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brutt-Griffler, J. 2002. World English: A Study of its Development. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buttigieg, J. 1999. ‘Teaching English and developing a critical knowledge of the global.’ boundary 2, 26(2), 45–57.Google Scholar
Clark, Barrett H. 1931. ‘Review: Speak the speech.’ American Literature, 3(3), 351–3.Google Scholar
Colburn, R. 1897. ‘Diversity of languages.’ Science, 6(149), 682–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collitz, H. 1926. ‘World languages.’ Language, 2(1), 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crystal, D. 1998. ‘Isaac Pitman: The linguistic legacy.’ English Today, 14(3), 94–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crystal, D. 2001. ‘The future of Englishes.’ In Burns, A. & Coffin, C. (eds.), Analysing English in a Global Context. London: Routledge, pp. 53–64.Google Scholar
Crystal, D. 2003. English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, K. 2007. ‘The nature and significance of English as a global language.’ English Today, 23(1), 48–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, A. 1989. ‘Is International English an interlanguage?’ TESOL Quarterly, 23(3), 447–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Beaugrande, R. 1999. ‘Theory and practice in the discourse of language planning.’ World Englishes, 18(2), 107–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Witt, M. 1925. ‘Our Americanadian problem of the spoken word.’ American Speech, 1(3), 170–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Editors. 1888. ‘Notes and news.’ Science, 11(280), 285–6.Google Scholar
Editors. 1930. ‘Notes and quotes.’ American Speech, 6(2), 147–8.Google Scholar
Editors. 1962. ‘Bibliography.’ American Speech, 37(4), 275–82.Google Scholar
Erling, Elizabeth. 2005. ‘The many names of English.’ English Today, 21(1), 40–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, C. 1994. ‘Note on Swedish English.’ World Englishes, 13(3), 419–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillman, S. 2005. ‘The new, newest thing: Have American studies gone imperial?’ American Literary History, 17(1), 196–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goad, H. 1942. ‘International English.’ English: Journal of the English Association, 4(22), 120–2.Google Scholar
Graddol, D. 2006. English Next. Why Global English May Mean the End of ‘English as a Foreign Language’. Milton Keynes: The British Council. Online at: <http://www.britishcouncil.org/files/documents/learning-research-english-next.pdf> (Accessed September 25, 2010)Google Scholar
Griffin, J. 1997. ‘Global English invades Poland.’ English Today, 13(2), 34–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, J. 2001. ‘Global English infiltrates Bulgaria.’ English Today, 17(4), 54–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halliday, M. 2006. ‘Written language, standard language, global language.’ In Kachru, Y. & Nelson, C. (eds.), The Handbook of World Englishes. Malden: Blackwell, pp. 349–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, R. 2002. ‘Globospeak? Questioning text on the role of English as a global language.’ Language and Intercultural Communication, 2(1), 5–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hung, T. (2002). ‘“New English” words in international English dictionaries.’ English Today, 18(4), 29–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Imam, S. 2005. ‘English as a global language and the question of nation-building education in Bangladesh.’ Comparative Education, 41(4), 471–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, J. 1998. ‘Which pronunciation norms and models for English as an international language?’ ELT Journal, 52(2), 119–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, J. 2001. The Phonology of English as an International Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jenkins, J. 2006. ‘The spread of EIL: A testing time for testers.’ ELT Journal, 60(1), 42–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, R. 1990. ‘International English: Towards an acceptable, teachable target variety.’ World Englishes, 9(3) 301–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Judd, E. 1981. ‘Language policy, curriculum development, and TESOL instruction: A search for compatibility.’ TESOL Quarterly, 15(1), 59–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kachru, Y., & Smith, L. 2009. ‘The karmic cycle of world Englishes: Some futuristic constructs.’ World Englishes, 28(1), 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaye, A. 1999. ‘On the term “International English”.’ English Today, 15(2), 31–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaye, A. 2003. ‘Review: The Vocabulary of World English by Stephen Gramby.’ Language, 79(3), 655.Google Scholar
Kemp, M. 1927. ‘Fay on pronunciation.’ American Speech, 2(7), 322–3.Google Scholar
Kemp, M. 1928. ‘The International Council for English.’ American Speech, 3(4), 261–75.Google Scholar
Lee-Wong, S. (2001). ‘The polemics of Singlish.’ English Today, 17(1), 39–45.Google Scholar
Li, D. 2003. ‘Between English and Esperanto: What does it take to be a world language?’ International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 164, 33–63.Google Scholar
Llurda, E. 2004. ‘Non-native-speaker teachers and English as an international language.’ International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14, 126–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuda, A. 2003. ‘Incorporating World Englishes in teaching English as an international language.’ TESOL Quarterly, 37(4), 719–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McArthur, T. (2003). ‘World English, Euro-English, Nordic English?’ English Today, 19(1), 54–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McArthur, T. 2004. ‘Is it world or international or global English, and does it matter?’ English Today, 29(3), 3–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKay, S. 2003. ‘Toward an appropriate EIL pedagogy: Reexamining common ELT assumptions.’ International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 13, 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modiano, M. 1999. ‘International English in the global village.’ English Today, 15(2), 22–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modiano, M. 2001. ‘Linguistic imperialism, cultural integrity, and EIL.’ ELT Journal, 55(4), 339–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, H. 1927. ‘Philology: General works.’ The Year's Work in English Studies, 8(1), 41–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nadkarni, M. 1992. ‘On liberating English to be a world language.’ World Englishes, 11(2/3), 331–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, G. 2006. ‘World Englishes and corpora studies.’ In Kachru, Y. & Nelson, C. (eds.), The Handbook of World Englishes. Malden: Blackwell, pp. 733–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nunan, D. 2001. ‘English as a global language.’ TESOL Quarterly, 35(4), 605–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pakir, A. 1999. ‘Connecting with English in the context of internationalisation.’ TESOL Quarterly, 33(1), 103–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pennycook, A. 2003. ‘Global Englishes, rip slyme, and performativity.’ Journal of Sociolinguistics, 7(4), 513–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Promodrou, L. 2006. ‘Defining the successful bilingual speaker of English.’ In Rubdy, & Saraceni, (eds.), 51–70.Google Scholar
Pulgram, E. 1948. ‘An international language – when?’ The Modern Language Journal, 32(1), 50–68.Google Scholar
Rajagopalan, K. 2004. ‘The concept of “world English” and its implications for ELT.’ ELT Journal, 58(2), 111–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reda, G. 2003. ‘English coursebooks: Prototype texts and basic vocabulary names.’ ELT Journal, 57(3), 260–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reeves, N. (2002). ‘Translation, international English, and the planet of Babel.’ English Today, 18(4), 21–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, N. 1997. ‘Signs of international English.’ English Today, 13(2), 29–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubdy, R. & Saraceni, M. 2006. ‘Introduction.’ In Rubdy, R. & Saraceni, M. (eds.), English in the World: Global Rules, Global Roles. London: Continuum, pp. 5–16.Google Scholar
Schneider, E. 2003. ‘The dynamics of new Englishes: From identity construction to dialect birth.’ Language, 79(2), 233–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, L. 1983a. ‘English as an auxiliary international language.’ In Smith, L. (ed.), Readings in English as an International Language. Oxford: Pergamon, pp. 1–5.Google Scholar
Smith, L. 1983b. ‘English as an international language: No room for chauvinism.’ In Smith, L. (ed.), Readings in English as an International Language. Oxford: Pergamon, pp. 7–11.Google Scholar
Smith, L. 1983c. ‘Some distinctive features of EIIL vs ESOL in English language education.’ In Smith, L. (ed.), Readings in English as an International Language. Oxford: Pergamon, pp. 13–20.Google Scholar
Smith, R. 2005. ‘Global English: Gift or curse.’ English Today, 21(2), 56–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tan, P., Ooi, V. & Chiang, A. 2006. ‘World Englishes or English as a lingua franca: A view from the perspective of non-anglo Englishes.’ In Rubdy, R. & Saraceni, M. (eds.), English in the World: Global Rules, Global Roles. London: Continuum, pp. 84–94.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, B. 2006. A multi-dimensional approach to teaching English for the world. In Rubdy, R. & Saraceni, M. (eds.), English in the World: Global Rules, Global Roles. London: Continuum, pp. 130–50.Google Scholar
Tovati, A., & Jewett, A. 1963. ‘The world of English: The profession.’ The English Journal, 52(2), 137–42.Google Scholar
Trudgill, P. & Hannah, J. (eds.) 1994. International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English (3rd edn).London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Warschauer, M. 2000. ‘The changing global economy and the future of English teaching.’ TESOL Quarterly, 34(3), 511–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiner, E. 1987. ‘The new OED and World English.’ English Teaching, 11, 31–4.Google Scholar
West, M. 1934. ‘English as a world language.’ American Speech, 9(3), 163–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Widdowson, H. 1997. ‘EIL, ESL, EFL: Global issues and local interests.’ World Englishes, 16(1), 138–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilcox, W. 1914. ‘The teaching of simplified spelling in normal and elementary schools.’ The English Journal, 3(2), 78–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, R. 2004. ‘Latin and English as world languages.’ English Today, 20(4), 3–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar