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Adolescent development of psychosis as an outcome of hearing impairment: a 10-year longitudinal study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2010

M. van der Werf ,
V. Thewissen ,
M. D. Dominguez ,
R. Lieb ,
H. Wittchen  and
J. van Os
M. van der Werf*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
V. Thewissen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands Open University of the Netherlands, Faculty of Psychology, Heerlen, The Netherlands
M. D. Dominguez
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
R. Lieb
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology Unit, Munich, Germany Epidemiology and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
H. Wittchen
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology Unit, Munich, Germany Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
J. van Os
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands King's College London, King's Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
*
*Address for correspondence: M. van der Werf, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 616 (VIJV), 6200MDMaastricht, The Netherlands. (Email: m.vanderwerf@sp.unimaas.nl)
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Abstract

Background

It has long been acknowledged that hearing impairment may increase the risk for psychotic experiences. Recent work suggests that young people in particular may be at risk, indicating a possible developmental mechanism.

Method

The hypothesis that individuals exposed to hearing impairment in early adolescence would display the highest risk for psychotic symptoms was examined in a prospective cohort study of a population sample of originally 3021 adolescents and young adults aged 14–24 years at baseline, in Munich, Germany (Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study). The expression of psychosis was assessed at multiple time points over a period of up to 10 years, using a diagnostic interview (Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview; CIDI) administered by clinical psychologists.

Results

Hearing impairment was associated with CIDI psychotic symptoms [odds ratio (OR) 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–3.81], particularly more severe psychotic symptoms (OR 5.66, 95% CI 1.64–19.49). The association between hearing impairment and CIDI psychotic symptoms was much stronger in the youngest group aged 14–17 years at baseline (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.54–7.01) than in the older group aged 18–24 years at baseline (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.24–2.84).

Conclusions

The finding of an age-specific association between hearing impairment and psychotic experiences suggests that disruption of development at a critical adolescent phase, in interaction with other personal and social vulnerabilities, may increase the risk for psychotic symptoms.

Keywords

Adolescentsdevelopmenthearing impairmentpsychosissocial cognition
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 41 , Issue 3 , March 2011 , pp. 477 - 485
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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