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Genetic diversity and genealogical origins of domestic chicken

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 December 2010

M. ELTANANY  and
O. DISTL
M. ELTANANY
Affiliation:
Animal Wealth Development Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Egypt
O. DISTL*
Affiliation:
Animal Breeding and Genetics Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17p, 30559, Hannover, Germany
*
Corresponding author: Ottmar.Distl@tiho-hannover.de
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Abstract

This paper reviews some important features of the chicken genome, genealogical origins and the current status of the genetic diversity of the chicken. The small chicken genome exhibits six times more single nucleotide polymorphisms (>7,000,000 SNPs) than mammalian genomes and considerable microsatellite content (375,000). An obvious debate is still dedicated to whether chicken origin is monophyletic or polyphyletic. Modern genetic analysis conducted across the world's chicken population has determined no restricted phylo-geographical centre of domestication, as has been shown for other livestock species. Wild, unselected native and some fancy and conserved chicken populations showed high microsatellite and SNP diversity. Within-population diversity was higher than between-population diversity in selected or inbred chicken populations, whereas village chickens almost showed no sub-division in clusters. There is a variable degree of mitochondrial-DNA control-region (mtDNA-CR) sequence diversity within native chicken populations. Although commercial broilers exhibited considerable diversity in all marker types, they have lost >50% of SNP alleles found in their ancestors. Moreover, the linkage disequilibrium (LD) within broiler lines extends over shorter distances than in other inbred livestock populations. Domestic chickens are still genetically diverse and further conservation efforts are warranted to maintain the large between-population diversity.

Keywords

chickengenetic diversitymicrosatellitesSNPmtDNA-CR
Type
Review Article
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 66 , Issue 4 , December 2010 , pp. 715 - 726
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2010

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