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Haplotype diversity in the Antarctic springtail Gressittacantha terranova at fine spatial scales - a Holocene twist to a Pliocene tale

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 August 2010

T.C. Hawes*
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
G. Torricelli
Affiliation:
Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
M.I. Stevens
Affiliation:
South Australian Museum, and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia

Abstract

The mitochondrial COI gene of the Antarctic springtail, Gressittacantha terranova, was sequenced across a polar coastal landscape at Terra Nova Bay, northern Victoria Land. Samples from two altitudinal transects in the foothills directly south of Campbell Glacier were compared with samples from Springtail Valley (northern foothills) as an external reference population. We found that mtDNA haplotypes clustered into two lineages (clades) with a mean sequence divergence of 10% (uncorrected distance). However, there was no phylogeographic structure found at this spatial (landscape) scale with haplotypes from both divergent clades found sympatric across most populations. At the landscape scale, the considerable genetic divergence revealed within G. terranova is around five times greater than any other continental Antarctic springtail examined to date. These data indicate a Pliocene divergence event in G. terranova around 4–5 million years ago. The unusual distributional profile of haplotypes - occurrence of multiple haplotypes at single sites and genetic contiguity between sites that are not physically contiguous - suggests a subsequent ‘reshuffling’ of haplotypes in the Holocene that has an ecological basis.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Antarctic Science Ltd 2010

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