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The Development and Validation of the Beliefs about Paranoia Scale (Short Form)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 October 2010

Andrew I. Gumley ,
Kate Gillan ,
Anthony P. Morrison  and
Matthias Schwannauer
Andrew I. Gumley*
Affiliation:
University of Glasgow, UK
Kate Gillan
Affiliation:
University of Glasgow, UK
Anthony P. Morrison
Affiliation:
University of Manchester and Bolton Salford and Trafford Mental Health Trust, UK
Matthias Schwannauer
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh, UK
*
Reprint requests to Andrew Gumley, Centre for Population and Health Sciences, Division of Community Based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, 1055 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0XH, UK. E-mail: a.gumley@clinmed.gla.ac.uk
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Abstract

Background: This study reports the development and revision of the Beliefs about Paranoia Scale (BaPS), a self-report measure to assess metacognitive beliefs about paranoia in non-patients. We aimed to confirm the factor structure of a revised 50-item version of the measure and test the specific hypotheses that positive beliefs about paranoia would predict frequency of paranoia, and that negative beliefs about paranoia would predict distress associated with paranoia. Method: 185 non-patient participants completed questionnaires assessing beliefs about paranoia, thought control, self-consciousness, anxiety, depression and paranoia. Results: The results showed that the original four-factor solution could not be replicated. Instead a three-factor solution comprising Negative Beliefs about Paranoia, Paranoia as a Survival Strategy, and Normalizing Beliefs was developed. The revised 18-item measure showed good internal consistency. Stepwise regression analysis showed that, BaPS-negative beliefs accounted for 34% of the variance with R2 of 0.339, with a multiple R of 0.585 in relation to frequency of paranoia. In relation to distress arising from paranoia, stepwise regression analysis showed that BaPS-negative beliefs accounted for 34% of the variance with R2 of 0.339, with a multiple R of 0.585. In both analyses, BaPS-Survival strategy showed a small but significant incremental increase in the variance accounted for in the overall model. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a metacognitive approach to the conceptualization of paranoia as a strategy for managing interpersonal threat may have some utility. The clinical implications of the findings are also discussed.

Keywords

Paranoiaself-consciousnessmetacognitioninterpersonal
Type
Research Article
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 39 , Issue 1 , January 2011 , pp. 35 - 53
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2010

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