Hostname: page-component-6b989bf9dc-wj8jn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-15T05:14:36.450Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sink strength in relation to growth of superior and inferior grains within a wheat spike

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2010

S. YAN ,
W. LI ,
Y. YIN  and
Z. WANG
S. YAN
Affiliation:
National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an271018, Shandong, P.R. China College of Plant Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, Anhui, P.R. China
W. LI
Affiliation:
National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an271018, Shandong, P.R. China College of Plant Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, Anhui, P.R. China
Y. YIN
Affiliation:
National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an271018, Shandong, P.R. China
Z. WANG*
Affiliation:
National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an271018, Shandong, P.R. China
*
*To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Email: zlwang@sdau.edu.cn
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Starch is a major component of wheat grain and, to a great extent, determines the grain weight. Starch accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is closely associated with sink strength. Four winter wheat cultivars, Lumai 21 and Jimai 20 (compact-spike cultivars) and Shannong 1391 and Shannong 12 (loose-spike cultivars) were grown to evaluate the amylose and amylopectin accumulation in both superior and inferior grains (higher and lower individual grain weight, respectively) and the relationship between starch accumulation and sink strength. In general, superior grains showed a higher starch accumulation rate, endosperm cell number and activity of enzymes including sucrose synthase (SS), uridine diphosphorate glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPP), adenosine diphosphorate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPP), soluble starch synthase (SSS) and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), and subsequently produced higher starch accumulation and grain weight than inferior grains. Greater differences in starch accumulation and grain weight were found between the two classes of grains for compact-spike cultivars than between those for loose-spike cultivars. These results suggest that the grain sink strength, determined by endosperm cell number and the activity of synthesis-related enzymes, is closely associated with starch accumulation in superior and inferior grains on a wheat spike.

Type
Crops and Soils
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 148 , Issue 5 , October 2010 , pp. 567 - 578
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Brocklehurst, P. A. (1977). Factors controlling grain weight in wheat. Nature 266, 348–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calderini, D. F. & Reynolds, M. P. (2000). Changes in grain weight as a consequence of de-graining treatments at pre- and post-anthesis in synthetic hexaploid lines of wheat. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 27, 183–191.Google Scholar
Cheng, W. D., Zhang, G. P., Yao, H. G., Wu, W. & Wang, R. Y. (2003). Studies on the grain-filling properties of compact panicle type of rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica 29, 841–846.Google Scholar
Dai, Z., Yin, Y. & Wang, Z. (2009). Activities of key enzymes involved in starch synthesis in grains of wheat under different irrigation patterns. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 147, 437–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darroch, B. A. & Baker, R. J. (1990). Grain filling in three spring wheat genotypes: statistical analysis. Crop Science 30, 525–529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, R. A. (2007). Understanding the physiological basis of yield potential in wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 145, 99–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gleadow, R. M., Dalling, M. J. & Halloran, G. M. (1982). Variation in endosperm characteristics and nitrogen content in six wheat lines. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 9, 539–551.Google Scholar
Guo, T. C., Feng, W., Zhao, H. J., Xue, G. D., Wang, H. C., Wang, Y. H. & Yao, Z. J. (2004). Photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves and nitrogen effects in two winter wheat cultivars with different spike type. Acta Agronomica Sinica 30, 115–121.Google Scholar
He, M. R., Wang, Z. L. & Zhang, J. C. (2000). Distribution of photoassimilate to different parts of wheat ear after anthesis and its relation to kernel weight per ear. Acta Agronomica Sinica 26, 190–194.Google Scholar
He, Z. F. (1985). Analysis Technique for Grain Quality of Cereals and Oils. Beijing, China: China Agriculture Press.Google Scholar
Ho, L. C. (1988). Metabolism and compartmentation of imported sugars in relation to sink strength. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 39, 355–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hurkman, W. J., McCue, K. F., Altenbach, S. B., Korn, A., Tanaka, C. K., Kothari, K. M., Johnson, E. L., Bechtel, D. B., Wilson, J. D., Anderson, O. D. & DuPont, F. M. (2003). Effect of temperature on expression of genes encoding enzymes for starch biosynthesis in developing wheat endosperm. Plant Science 164, 873–881.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenner, C. F. (1991). Effects of exposure of wheat ears to high temperature on dry matter accumulation and carbohydrate metabolism in the grain of two cultivars. I. Immediate responses. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 18, 165–177.Google Scholar
Jenner, C. F., Ugalde, T. D. & Aspinall, D. (1991). The physiology of starch and protein deposition in the endosperm of wheat. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 18, 211–226.Google Scholar
Kinet, J. M., Zune, V., Linotte, C., Jacqmard, A. & Bernier, G. (1986). Resumption of cellular activity induced by cytokinin and gibberellin treatments in tomato flowers targeted for abortion unfavorable light conditions. Physiologia Plantarum 64, 67–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, J. C., Wei, F. Z. & Ding, X. P. (1999). Relationship between vascular bundle system of rachis and rachilla and ear productivity in wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica 25, 315–319.Google Scholar
Li, W. Y., Yin, Y. P., Yan, S. H., Dai, Z. M., Li, Y., Liang, T. B., Geng, Q. H. & Wang, Z. L. (2008). Effect of shading after anthesis on starch accumulation and activities of the related enzymes in wheat grain. Acta Agronomica Sinica 34, 632–640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, J. S., Zhang, J. H. & Cao, X. Z. (2001). Grain sink strength may be related to the poor grain filling of indica–japonica rice (Oryza sativa) hybrids. Physiologia Plantarum 112, 470–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakamura, Y. & Yuki, K. (1992). Change in enzyme activities associated with carbohydrate metabolism during the development of rice endosperm. Plant Science 82, 15–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, M., Calderini, D., Condon, A. & Vargas, M. (2007). Association of source/sink traits with yield, biomass and radiation use efficiency among random sister lines from three wheat crosses in a high-yield environment. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 145, 3–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smyth, D. A. & Prescott, H. E. (1989). Sugar content and activity of sucrose metabolism enzymes in milled rice grain. Plant Physiology 89, 893–896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stark, D. M., Timmerman, K. P., Barry, G. F., Preiss, J. & Kishore, G. M. (1992). Regulation of the amount of starch in plant tissues by ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase. Science 258, 287–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoddard, F. L. (1999). Variation in grain mass, grain nitrogen, and starch B-granule content within wheat heads. Cereal Chemistry 76, 139–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, F., Cheng, F. M. & Zhang, G. P. (2006). The relationship between grain filling and hormone content as affected by genotype and source–sink relation. Plant Growth Regulation 49, 1–8.Google Scholar
Wang, Z., Yin, Y., He, M., Zhang, Y., Lu, S., Li, Q. & Shi, S. (2003). Allocation of photosynthates and grain growth of two wheat cultivars with different potential grain growth in response to pre- and post-anthesis shading. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 189, 280–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Z. L., Cao, W. X., Dai, T. B. & Zhou, Q. (2000). Characteristics of floret development and grain set in three wheat genotypes of different spike sizes. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University 23, 9–12.Google Scholar
Yan, S. H., Wang, Z. L., Dai, Z. M., Li, W. Y., Fu, G. Z., He, M. R. & Yin, Y. P. (2007). Activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis and accumulation in grains of two wheat cultivars with a different amylose content. Acta Agronomica Sinica 33, 84–89.Google Scholar
Yang, J. C., Liu, L. J., Wang, Z. Q., Lang, Y. Z. & Zhu, Q. S. (1999). Effects of flowering time of spikelets on endosperm development in rice and its physiological mechanism. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 32, 44–51.Google Scholar
Yang, J. C., Zhang, J. H., Wang, Z. Q. & Zhu, Q. S. (2003). Hormones in the grains in relation to sink strength and post anthesis development of spikelets in rice. Plant Growth Regulation 41, 185–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yin, Y., Wang, Z., He, M., Fu, J. & Lu, S. (1998). Postanthesis allocation of photosynthates and grain growth in wheat cultivars as affected by source/sink change. Biologia Plantarum 41, 203–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zadoks, J. C., Chang, T. T. & Konzak, C. F. (1974). A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research 14, 415–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, J. Y. & Yu, Z. W. (2005). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate on nitrogen metabolism and protein synthesis of superior and inferior wheat kernel. Scientia Agricultura Sinica 38, 1547–1554.Google Scholar
Zhu, H. J., Cheng, F. M., Wang, F., Zhong, L. J., Zhao, Y. C. & Liu, Z. H. (2004). Difference in amylose content variation of rice grains and its position distribution within a panicle between two panicle types of japonica cultivars. Chinese Journal of Rice Science 18, 321–325.Google Scholar