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Accurate Detection of Low Levels of Fluorescence Emission in Autofluorescent Background: Francisella-Infected Macrophage Cells

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 June 2010

Ryan W. Davis ,
Jerilyn A. Timlin ,
Julia N. Kaiser ,
Michael B. Sinclair ,
Howland D.T. Jones  and
Todd W. Lane
Ryan W. Davis*
Affiliation:
Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
Jerilyn A. Timlin
Affiliation:
Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
Julia N. Kaiser
Affiliation:
Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
Michael B. Sinclair
Affiliation:
Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
Howland D.T. Jones
Affiliation:
Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Blvd. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
Todd W. Lane
Affiliation:
Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
*
Corresponding author. E-mail: rwdavis@sandia.gov
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Abstract

Cellular autofluorescence, though ubiquitous when imaging cells and tissues, is often assumed to be small in comparison to the signal of interest. Uniform estimates of autofluorescence intensity obtained from separate control specimens are commonly employed to correct for autofluorescence. While these may be sufficient for high signal-to-background applications, improvements in detector and probe technologies and introduction of spectral imaging microscopes have increased the sensitivity of fluorescence imaging methods, exposing the possibility of effectively probing the low signal-to-background regime. With spectral imaging, reliable monitoring of signals near or even below the noise levels of the microscope is possible if compensation for autofluorescence and background signals can be performed accurately. We demonstrate the importance of accurate autofluorescence modeling and the utility of spectral imaging and multivariate analysis methods using a case study focusing on fluorescence confocal spectral imaging of host-pathogen interactions. In this application fluorescent proteins are produced when Francisella novicida invade host macrophage cells. The resulting analyte signal is spectrally overlapped and typically weaker than the cellular autofluorescence. In addition to discussing the advantages of spectral imaging for following pathogen invasion, we present the spectral properties and cellular origin of macrophage autofluorescence.

Keywords

spectral imagingfluorescence imagingFrancisellaautofluorescencespectral crosstalkmultivariate curve resolutionmacrophagefluorescent proteins
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 16 , Issue 4 , August 2010 , pp. 478 - 487
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2010

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References

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