Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-cfpbc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T14:37:21.563Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The missing developmental dimension in the network perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2010

Sam Wass
Affiliation:
Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom. samwass@gmail.comhttp://www.cbcd.bbk.ac.uk/people/students/sama.karmiloff-smith@bbk.ac.ukhttp://www.psyc.bbk.ac.uk/research/DNL/personalpages/annette.html
Annette Karmiloff-Smith
Affiliation:
Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom. samwass@gmail.comhttp://www.cbcd.bbk.ac.uk/people/students/sama.karmiloff-smith@bbk.ac.ukhttp://www.psyc.bbk.ac.uk/research/DNL/personalpages/annette.html

Abstract

We welcome network theory as a tool for modelling the multi-directional interactions that characterise disease. However, we feel that Cramer et al. have neglected one important aspect: how diseases change over developmental time. We discuss principles such as fan in, fan out, bottlenecks, and common pathways, and argue that modelling these developmental aspects can be vital, particularly in deriving properly targeted treatments.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, M. P., Hooker, B. S. & Herbert, M. R. (2008) Bridging from cells to cognition in autism pathophysiology: Biological pathways to defective brain function and plasticity. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 4(2):167–76.Google Scholar
Annaz, D., Karmiloff-Smith, A. & Thomas, M. C. S. (2008) The importance of tracing developmental trajectories for clinical child neuropsychology. In: Child neuropsychology: Concepts, theory, and practice, ed. Reed, J. & Warner Rogers, J., pp. 718. Wiley-Blackwell. Available at: http://www.hhdev.psu.edu/hdfs/faculty/docs/StateSpaceTechniques.pdf.Google Scholar
Backstrom, L., Huttenlocker, D., Kleinberg, J. & Lan, X. (2006) Group formation in large social networks: Membership, growth, and evolution. Paper presented at the International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Philadelphia, August 20–23, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J. H., Johnson, M. H., Paterson, S. J., Gilmore, R., Longhi, E. & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2003) Spatial representation and attention in toddlers with Williams syndrome and Down syndrome. Neuropsychologia 41(8):1037–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chauhan, A., Chauhan, V. & Brown, W. T., eds. (2010) Autism: Oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune abnormalities. CRC Press.Google Scholar
Cornish, K., Scerif, G. & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2007) Tracing syndrome-specific trajectories of attention across the lifespan. Cortex 43(6):672–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donnai, D. & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2000) Williams syndrome: From genotype through to the cognitive phenotype. American Journal of Medical Genetics 97(2):164–71.3.0.CO;2-F>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grice, S. J., de Haan, M., Halit, H., Johnson, M. H., Csibra, G., Grant, L. & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2003) ERP abnormalities of illusory contour perception in Williams syndrome. NeuroReport 14(14):1773–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grice, S. J., Spratling, M. W., Karmiloff-Smith, A., Halit, H., Csibra, G., de Haan, M. & Johnson, M. H. (2001) Disordered visual processing and oscillatory brain activity in autism and Williams syndrome. NeuroReport 12(12):2697–700.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herbert, M. R. (2005) Autism: A brain disorder or a disorder that affects the brain? Clinical Neuropsychiatry 2(6):354–79.Google Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1992) Beyond modularity: A developmental perspective on cognitive science. MIT Press/Bradford Books.Google Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1997) Crucial differences between developmental cognitive neuroscience and adult neuropsychology. Developmental Neuropsychology 13(4):513–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1998) Development itself is the key to understanding developmental disorders. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2(10):389–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2007) Atypical epigenesis. Developmental Science 10(1):8488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2009) Nativism versus neuroconstructivism: Rethinking the study of developmental disorders. Developmental Psychology 45(1):5663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karmiloff-Smith, A., Scerif, G. & Ansari, D. (2003) Double dissociations in developmental disorders? Theoretically misconceived, empirically dubious. Cortex 39(1):161–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karmiloff-Smith, A., Thomas, M., Annaz, D., Humphreys, K., Ewing, S., Brace, N., Van Duuren, M., Pike, G., Grice, S. & Campbell, R. (2004) Exploring the Williams syndrome face-processing debate: The importance of building developmental trajectories. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 45(7):1258–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kumar, R., Novak, J. & Tomkins, A. (2006) Structure and evolution of online social networks. Paper presented at the International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Philadelphia, August 20–23, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laing, E., Butterworth, G., Ansari, D., Gsodl, M., Longhi, E., Panagiotaki, G., Paterson, S. & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2002) Atypical development of language and social communication in toddlers with Williams syndrome. Developmental Science 5(2):233–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masataka, N. (2001) Why early linguistic milestones are delayed in children with Williams syndrome: Late onset of hand banging as a possible rate-limiting constraint on the emergence of canonical babbling. Developmental Science 4(2):158–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, D. L., Alvarez, T. D., St. George, M., Appelbaum, L. G., Bellugi, U. & Neville, H. (2000) III. Electrophysiological studies of face processing in Williams syndrome. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12(1):4764.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nazzi, T., Paterson, S. & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2003) Early word segmentation by infants and toddlers with Williams syndrome. Infancy 4(2):251–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paterson, S. J., Brown, J. H., Gsodl, M. K., Johnson, M. H. & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1999) Cognitive modularity and genetic disorders. Science 286(5448):2355–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rolls, E. T., Loh, M., Deco, G. & Winterer, G. (2008) Computational models of schizophrenia and dopamine modulation in the prefrontal cortex. Nature Reviews: Neuroscience 9(9):696709.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scerif, G., Cornish, K., Wilding, J., Driver, J. & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2005) Early attention diffculties in fragile X syndrome: Underlying mechanisms and developmental trajectories.[Abstract]. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience F 20 (Suppl. S):220–21.Google Scholar
Thomas, M. & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2002) Are developmental disorders like cases of adult brain damage? Implications from connectionist modelling. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25(6):727–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van der Maas, H. L. J., Dolan, C. V., Grasman, R. P. P. P., Wicherts, J. M., Huizenga, H. M. & Raijmakers, M. E. J. (2006) A dynamical model of general intelligence: The positive manifold of intelligence by mutualism. Psychological Review 113(4):842–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed