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Host suitability of two Ghanaian biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on five common tropical weeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

K.K. Gachoka ,
D. Obeng-Ofori  and
E.Y. Danquah
K.K. Gachoka
Affiliation:
African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 571 Legon, Accra, Ghana
D. Obeng-Ofori*
Affiliation:
African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 571 Legon, Accra, Ghana Department of Crop Science, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 44 Legon, Accra, Ghana
E.Y. Danquah
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Science, University of Ghana, PO Box LG 44 Legon, Accra, Ghana
*
*: Email: dobeng@ug.edu.gh
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Abstract

The sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a pest of diverse agricultural systems worldwide, owing to its capacity to transmit viruses, both intraspecific and host-associated variations. In Ghana, it is the only known arthropod vector for cassava-infecting begomoviruses (Geminiviridae). Two genetic variants of B. tabaci, previously characterized by RAPD–PCR and subsequently reared on cassava and okra, were allowed access to five weed species in order to examine host preference and suitability: Amaranthus retroflexus, Chromolaena odorata, Desmodium tortuosum, Euphorbia heterophylla and Malvastrum coromandelianum. Overall, the duration of the life cycle ranged between 16.5 and 26.3 days and survival rates were 0–27.5%. The population from field-infested okra reproduced and developed to maturity on C. odorata, D. tortuosum and E. heterophylla. Both populations produced male and female progeny. Amaranthus retroflexus and M. coromandelianum were considered poor hosts for both populations, due to the low fecundity and survival of eggs, pupae and adults. The rearing host did not significantly (P>0.05) influence survival on subsequent hosts in either case. The host-restriction of the population collected from cassava was not corroborated here, based on the demonstrated ability of the Ghanaian cassava population to complete its life cycle on D. tortuosum and E. heterophylla. It was estimated that B. tabaci could achieve 13–22 generations per year in Ghana. Removal of C. odorata, D. tortuosum and E. heterophylla from the vicinity of susceptible crops is recommended.

Keywords

Bemisia tabacichoicehost suitabilitypopulationsweedswhitefly
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , December 2005 , pp. 236 - 244
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2005

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