To conclude this exciting conference on Stellar Populations: Planning for the Next Decade, we have sacrificed the traditional ‘conference summary’ for an opinion poll among all invited speakers on two issues: the most important achievements in the field of stellar populations over the past few years; and the most important challenges for the coming decade. The answers to this poll were remarkably uniform, indicating that the field of stellar populations has a clear future in the era when several new major research facilities are coming online.