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Progress in the genetics of common obesity and type 2 diabetes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2010

Karani S. Vimaleswaran  and
Ruth J.F. Loos
Karani S. Vimaleswaran
Affiliation:
Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.
Ruth J.F. Loos*
Affiliation:
Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.
*
*Corresponding author: Ruth Loos, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's HospitalBox 285, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK. E-mail: ruth.loos@mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk
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Abstract

The prevalence of obesity and diabetes, which are heritable traits that arise from the interactions of multiple genes and lifestyle factors, continues to rise worldwide, causing serious health problems and imposing a substantial economic burden on societies. For the past 15 years, candidate gene and genome-wide linkage studies have been the main genetic epidemiological approaches to identify genetic loci for obesity and diabetes, yet progress has been slow and success limited. The genome-wide association approach, which has become available in recent years, has dramatically changed the pace of gene discoveries. Genome-wide association is a hypothesis-generating approach that aims to identify new loci associated with the disease or trait of interest. So far, three waves of large-scale genome-wide association studies have identified 19 loci for common obesity and 18 for common type 2 diabetes. Although the combined contribution of these loci to the variation in obesity and diabetes risk is small and their predictive value is typically low, these recently identified loci are set to substantially improve our insights into the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes. This will require integration of genetic epidemiological methods with functional genomics and proteomics. However, the use of these novel insights for genetic screening and personalised treatment lies some way off in the future.

Type
Review Article
Information
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine , Volume 12 , January 2010 , e7
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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References

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Further reading, resources and contacts

The International Association for the Study of Obesity (IASO) is a not-for-profit organisation for nation obesity associations. The link provides the latest information on prevalence data and new developments in scientific research into the prevention and management of obesity:

McCarthy, M.I. and Zeggini, E. (2009) Genome-wide association studies in type 2 diabetes. Current Diabetes Report 9,164-171Google Scholar
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Andreasen, C.H. and Andersen, G. (2009) Gene-environment interactions and obesity-further aspects of genome-wide association studies. Nutrition 25, 998-1003Google Scholar
Ridderstråle, M. and Groop, L. (2009) Genetic dissection of type 2 diabetes. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 297, 10-17Google Scholar
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McCarthy, M.I. and Zeggini, E. (2009) Genome-wide association studies in type 2 diabetes. Current Diabetes Report 9,164-171Google Scholar
Li, S. and Loos, R.J. (2008) Progress in the genetics of common obesity: size matters. Current Opinion in Lipidology 19, 113-121Google Scholar
Andreasen, C.H. and Andersen, G. (2009) Gene-environment interactions and obesity-further aspects of genome-wide association studies. Nutrition 25, 998-1003Google Scholar
Ridderstråle, M. and Groop, L. (2009) Genetic dissection of type 2 diabetes. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 297, 10-17Google Scholar
O'Rahilly, S. (2009) Human genetics illuminates the paths to metabolic disease. Nature 462, 307-314Google Scholar
http://www.iotf.org/Google Scholar