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Intestinal spirochete infections of chickens: a review of disease associations, epidemiology and control

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

C.P. Stephens  and
D.J. Hampson
C.P. Stephens
Affiliation:
Toowoomba Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Primary Industries, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
D.J. Hampson*
Affiliation:
Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
*
*Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia. E-mail: hampson@numbat.murdoch.edu.au
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Abstract

This paper presents an overview of intestinal spirochete infections of chickens. It focuses particularly on studies in Australia, where recent surveys of 136 layer and broiler breeder flocks have revealed a high rate of infection (>40%) with intestinal spirochetes. Infection was not detected in broiler flocks. Approximately 50% of isolates from infected flocks were Brachyspira (Serpulina) intermedia or B. pilosicoli, with the other isolates being B. innocens, B. murdochii or the proposed species ‘B. pulli’. No isolates of B. alvinipulli were found. Intestinal spirochetes were significantly associated with wet litter problems and/or reduced egg production. Experimental infection of point-of-lay birds with either B. intermedia or B. pilosicoli caused reduced egg production, and, with B. intermedia, a significant increase in fecal moisture content. Infection with B. innocens caused no significant changes. In-water treatment of a flock with a mixed spirochete infection using lincospectin resulted in a slimy diarrhea lasting for 2–3 weeks, followed by absence of spirochetes for 3 months. Birds treated with tiamulin remained healthy, and had a reduced level of infection with intestinal spirochetes (30%) for 3 months. Trials are under way to test the efficacy of antimicrobials in point-of-lay chickens experimentally infected with either B. intermedia or B. pilosicoli.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 2 , Issue 1 , June 2001 , pp. 83 - 91
Copyright
Copyright © CAB International 2001

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